Diagnosis of Learning Disabilities in Mathematics: Numbers and Numerals for Students with Mathematical Difficulties in Schools Under the Bangkok Primary Educational Service Area Office DOI:

Abstract

This research aimed to: 1) develop a diagnostic test for identifying learning deficiencies in mathematics, specifically regarding numbers and numerals, for students in grades 1–3 who face mathematical challenges; 2) assess the quality of the diagnostic test, including its content validity, difficulty level, discriminative power, and reliability; and 3) diagnose the mathematical learning deficiencies of students in grades 1–3 in relation to numbers and numerals. The target group consisted of students in grades 1–3 in schools under the jurisdiction of the Bangkok Primary Educational Service Area Office for the 2024 academic year. The research tool was a diagnostic test on numbers and numerals for students with learning difficulties in mathematics in grades 1–3.

          The findings were as follows: 1) The development of the diagnostic test led to the creation of a 20-item multiple-choice test, designed to identify students' deficiencies in understanding numbers and numerals; 2) The quality of the test was verified, showing content validity scores ranging from 0.80 to 1.00, difficulty levels from 0.20 to 0.80, discriminative power from 0.20 to 0.40, and reliability at 0.87; and 3) The diagnostic results indicated that students had significant learning deficiencies, with the most common issue being the ability to memories numbers but not understand their value (58.00%), followed by knowing the value of numbers but not being able to recall the numbers themselves (50.70%).