“Gurbani”, universe in the mind: Learning philosophy from animal figurative language

Abstract

Gurbani is a collection of hymns and prayer teachings compiled into the Sikh Holy Scripture (The Eternal Guru). This study explores the use of figurative language related to animals found in Gurbani, focussing specifically on the description of animals used as analogies of human conduct. The objective is to study the underlying philosophy and doctrinal guidance that the Gurus have provided their followers to enable them to better understand themselves as human beings and thereby realize higher spiritual progress. Gurbani compositions including 50 Shabads have been randomly selected to identify references to animals, 40 species of which were found and their traits described as examples. Seven cases comprising 11 species were studied in total finding that some animal descriptions in Gurbani drew analogous comparisons with spiritual aspects like Maya (delusion) and attachment, love and devotion towards “Waheguru” (Almighty God), wisdom, and proper conduct of a true disciple (Gurmukh). The result of this study is a deeper knowledge of Sikh spiritualism and its fascinating philosophy which offer valuable lessons for Thai society if applied to strengthen or reinforce morality and ethical living.