The Management Model of 3x3 Basketball for Excellence at Guangzhou Songtian Polytechnic College, The People’s Republic of China

Zihao Huang; Suvachai  Rittisom; Kiattiwat  Watchayakarn

doi:10.60027/iarj.2026.e292887

Authors

Zihao Huang Bangkokthonburi University, Thailand https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4043-530X
Suvachai Rittisom Bangkokthonburi University, Thailand https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6435-8804
Kiattiwat Watchayakarn Bangkokthonburi University, Thailand https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5169-3761

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.60027/iarj.2026.e292887

Keywords:

3x3 Basketball, Management Model, Sports Excellence, Higher Education, Guangzhou

Abstract

Background and Aims: 3x3 basketball has rapidly grown in China and gained Olympic recognition, yet challenges remain in planning, coaching quality, training, and institutional management. This study aimed (1) to examine the current management model of 3x3 basketball for excellence at Guangzhou Songtian Polytechnic College, Zengcheng, Guangzhou, China, and (2) to develop a comprehensive model to advance the sport toward excellence.

Methodology: A mixed-methods design was employed using the management functions of planning, organizing, implementing, and controlling as the framework. The population included 21 experts in sports management, coaching, and athletic performance; 19 were purposively selected. Data collection involved three stages: structured interviews, rating-scale evaluations, and a focus group discussion. Content analysis was used for qualitative data, while Median (Mdn) and Interquartile Range (IQR) were applied for quantitative consensus.

Results: Findings indicated strengths and gaps in current management. Planning required clear policies, strategic frameworks, and IT-based dissemination. Organizing highlighted the need for facilities, qualified coaches, partnerships, and transparent athlete selection. Implementation emphasized structured warm-ups, IT-supported learning, and enjoyable training routines. Controlling involved systematic evaluation, PDCA cycles, and safety protocols. These informed the development of a refined management model integrating all four functions.

Conclusion: The study proposes a systematic management model for 3x3 basketball excellence that enhances planning, organization, implementation, and control. It addresses current limitations and provides a replicable framework for advancing 3x3 basketball in Chinese higher education.

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