Development of Badminton Multiball Feeding Skill Tests and Norms for Student Teachers, Major in Physical Education
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60027/iarj.2026.e292557Keywords:
Badminton Feeding Skills, Student Teachers, Badminton Tests, Badminton Teaching SkillsAbstract
Background and Aim: Most badminton coaches use multiball feeding to train skills, movement, and physical fitness. The coach training and student teacher learning incorporated feeding skills into the program training and lesson plan; however, there were few tests to measure and evaluate these skills. The one we could find was “the research on badminton coaches’ skill test”, which tested on hand feeding, racket feeding, and rally feeding, but did not cover every skill to train players and students in badminton. So, the objective of this study was to develop a badminton feeding skills test and norm to evaluate the ability of student teachers to feed multiball for practicing badminton stroke productions to the students.
Materials and Methods: This research was a research and development project that operated with a mixed-method process. The sample was students and experts in colleges and universities in Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. There were 5 experts on interviewing, 3, 9 students for a small group tryout, 30 students for a large group tryout, and 120 male and female students were tested to collect data to form the norm of the test.
Results: 1) badminton multiball feeding test consisted 14 test which were 5 hand feedings test, 6 racket feeding test, and 3 rally feeding tests, 2) The quality of tests was: validity = 1.00, reliability = 0.87 (0.84-0.97), difficulty 0.60 (0.47-0.77), discrimination 0.60 (0.47- 0.77), and objectivity 1.00, 3) Norm based on T-Score were: Hand feeding:61 and above = Very good, 51-60 = Good, 41-50 Moderate, 31- 40 = Poor, 30 and below = Very poor, Racket feeding: 65 and above = Very good, 55-64 = Good, 45-54 Moderate, 35-44 = Poor, 34 and below = Very poor, Rally feeding: 58 and above = Very good, 48-57 = Good, 38-47= Moderate, 28-37 = Poor, 27 and below = Very poor, Total Score: 68 and above = Very good, 58-67 = Good, 48-57= Moderate, 38-47 = Poor, 37 and below = Very poor. 4) Norm based on raw score were: Hand feeding: 41 and above = Very good, 36-40 = Good, 31-35 Moderate, 26-30 = Poor, 25 and below = Very poor, Racket feeding: 35 and above = Very good, 31-34-64 = Good, 27-30 Moderate, 23-26 = Poor, 22 and below = Very poor, Rally feeding: 21 and above = Very good, 18-20 = Good, 15-17 = Moderate,12-14 = Poor, 13 and below = Very poor, Total Score: 93 and above = Very good, 81-92 = Good, 69-80 = Moderate, 57- 68 = Poor, 56 and below = Very poor.
Conclusion: Badminton multiball feeding skills test could be used to evaluate the skill of feeding to gain more experience in badminton stroke production and movement for student teachers. And it could apply to evaluate teachers and coaches by adjusted norms of the test.
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