Development of a Management Model for Excellence, Table Tennis Association in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Shangze Du; Pattarapon  Maharkan

doi:10.60027/iarj.2026.e292533

Authors

Shangze Du Bangkokthonburi University, Thailand https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3505-1906
Pattarapon Maharkan Bangkokthonburi University, Thailand https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5761-7036

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.60027/iarj.2026.e292533

Keywords:

Management Model, Excellence Table Tennis Association, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Abstract

Background and Aim: In recent years, most of China's table tennis associations for excellence still adopt the traditional management model, and the management system is used as a central model without any specific management model for special areas or different environments. The objective of this study was to develop the management model for the Excellence Table Tennis Association in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Materials and Methods: This research was a mixed study; it combines quantitative and qualitative research. To survey the current situation of the management for excellence table tennis association in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the researcher administered 390 questionnaires under the 7S management framework to 11 cities in Inner Mongolia. The validity of the questionnaire was tested by the IOC value by 5 experts (IOC = 0.88-0.95). Nine experts were interviewed under the POLC management principles to find a way to draft a management model. 17 experts were invited to participate in a three-round Delphi consensus process, and the Connoisseurship method was used to confirm the management model by 7 experts.

Results: The management model for excellence table tennis association in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, designed using the 7S management framework, consists of 102 components, divided into 15 strategy components, 14 structure components, 15 style components, 14 systems components, 14 staff components, 15 skills components, and 15 shared values components. For the POLC management principles, there were 58 models, divided into 14 planning components, 14 organizing management components, 15 leading components, and 15 controlling components.

Conclusion: The management model for excellence table tennis association in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region under the 7s management framework and POLC Management principles, to the Delphi data collection method and reached consensus and agreed on the elements of the management model.

References

Armstrong, G. (2007). Marketing: An introduction. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Best, J. W. (1977). Education research. Prentice Hall.

Hongsaenyatham, P. (2009). Development of the management model of provincial sports associations [Doctoral dissertation, Burapha University].

Hu, X., Zhang, J., & Xia, L. (2005). Leisure and entertainment theory and the development of sports clubs. Journal of Physical Education, 12(2), 1–5.

Huang, C. (2012). The discussion about Wuhan city profit table tennis club network management present situation and countermeasure research [Master’s thesis, Wuhan Institute of Physical Education].

Kriemadis, T. (2011). Strategic planning in the university athletic department in the United Kingdom. The Sport Journal, 14, 381–391.

Lai, H. C., Soong, W. T., Lu, S. R., Chen, J. S., Wei, I. L., & Ma, W. Y. (2015). High altitude and long-term exposure affect the psychomotor, mental speed, and affective abilities of Tibet Air Force pilots. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 50, 53–58.

Li, T. (2004). Investigation of amateur table tennis fitness clubs in Harbin. Journal of Harbin Institute of Physical Education, (3), 17–18.

Liu, J. (2008). Research on the current situation and development strategies of commercial table tennis clubs in Wuhan [Master’s thesis, Wuhan Institute of Physical Education].

Liu, T. (2014). Survey on the current situation of physical education teaching in primary schools in plateau areas: A case study of Nangqian County, Yushu Prefecture, Qinghai. Sports Style, (10), 110–111.

Liu, X. (2014). Investigation on the current situation of management in the Guangzhou table tennis club and its IOS mode building [Master’s thesis, South China University of Technology].

Liu, Y. (2023). Study on the sleep status and its relationship with the mental health of Tajik middle school students living in high altitude areas. Occupation and Health, 39(12), 1670–1673.

Lu, J., Liu, J., Guo, H., & Li, J. (2019). Anxiety, depression, and related factors in Chinese urban hypertensive patients living at high altitude: A cross-sectional study. American Journal of Hypertension, 32(6), 540–548.

Ma, J. (2024). A review of the impact of plateau environment on individual emotions and mental health. Tibet University, 1(6), 58–59.

Ma, T. (2016). Research on the influence of plateau environment on the emotions of physical exercisers [Master’s thesis, Shanxi Normal University].

Miao, Q. (2023). Sleep disorders and influencing factors of Tibetan junior high school students in high altitude areas. Chinese School Health, 44(8), 1194–1197.

Niu, B., Wen, H., Zhu, D., Wang, Y., & Chen, H. (2019). Effects of acute hypoxia on cognitive functions, symptoms of motion sickness, and emotions in a virtual reality environment. Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance, 90(9), 778–784.

Niu, L. (2005). A brief analysis of the current situation of Chinese table tennis clubs. Journal of Shanxi Normal University, 12, 10–12.

Pinij, K. (1992). Manual for promoting exercise for health. Department of Health Publishing, Ministry of Public Health.

Wang, Y. (2017). Research progress on the relationship between altitude and emotion. Journal of Hubei Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 34(5), 75–80.

Wang, Y., & Cheng, X. (2003). Investigation and analysis of the current status of fitness clubs in Nanjing. Journal of Nanjing Institute of Physical Education, 17(6), 165–166.

Westman, M., Hobfoll, S. E., Chen, S., Davidson, O. B., & Laski, S. (2015). Conservation of resources theory in the context of stress and burnout. Work & Stress, 29(2), 123–145.

Wu, X. (2020). Construction of a training mode for competitive sports reserve talents in plateau areas based on resource advantages. College of Sports Science, Dali University.

Xiang, Y. (2018). Effect of exposure time at different altitudes on the emotional state of plateau recruits. Modern Preventive Medicine, 45(7), 1305–1309.

Xiao, L. (2009). Modern sports management. Beijing Sports University Press.

Yan, J., Zhang, Y., Wan, Y., et al. (2023). Epidemiological status and risk factor analysis of hypertension in the extremely high-altitude area of Nagqu, Tibet. Modern Preventive Medicine, 50(20), 3790–3794.

Zhang, L., Zhou, S., Zhang, Y., et al. (2023). Research progress on the correlation between hyperuricemia and hypertension in plateau areas. Smart Health, 9(12), 22–25.

Zhang, W. (2004). Geographical environment and plateau training. Journal of Tianjin Institute of Physical Education, (1), 88–91.

Zhao, J. (2008). Analysis of internal and external conditions and strategies for the integration of education and sports in my country in the post-Olympic era [Master’s thesis, Northeast Normal University].