Research on the Theoretical Construction of Female Characters in Chinese National Opera from an Academic Perspective

Abstract

Background and Aim: Chinese national opera is an important carrier of Chinese culture, reflecting the nation’s pursuit of innovation while maintaining tradition. Among its artistic elements, female characters have played a crucial role, shaping aesthetic values and cultural narratives over time. This study aims to explore the development, artistic image, and reasons for change in typical female characters in Chinese national opera from an academic perspective.

Materials and Methods: This study used a mixed-methods approach. A purposive sample of 58 opera performers, directors, and educators was selected to complete a structured questionnaire. Representative operas were chosen for case analysis. Data were collected through literature review, historical research, surveys, and performance analysis. The questionnaire was reviewed by experts and demonstrated good reliability (α = 0.86).

Results: The findings identify three key peaks in the development of female characters in Chinese national opera: 1920–1957, 1957–1966, and post-1976. During these periods, the artistic images of female characters were enriched, evolving from oppressed and resistant figures to more diverse, emotionally rich, and noble portrayals. These shifts are closely linked to historical events, social changes, and innovations in music composition and stage performance.

Conclusion: The ongoing transformation of female roles in Chinese national opera underscores their centrality to preserving and promoting traditional culture. Their shaping reflects the dynamic interplay between historical context and artistic innovation. Strengthening research on these roles is of great value for enriching opera theory, enhancing cultural confidence, and inspiring future operatic creations that resonate with contemporary audiences.