Thai Attitudes Toward Gender-Neutral Toilets: A (Not) New Space for Equality

Abstract

A “Thai Attitudes toward Gender-Neutral Toilets: A (Not) New Space for Equality” investigates Thai society's attitudes toward gender-neutral public toilets, by using a mixed-methods approach comprising questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The majority sample were women aged 18-29, employed in private sector or social enterprises, holding a bachelor’s degree, and Buddhist. They agreed with gender-neutral public toilets in gender diversity and socio-cultural factors, while uncertain about physical factors. The in-depth interviews with government agencies and civil society show common attitudes on gender diversity and socio-cultural and perceptual factors with conditions, while uncertain about physical factors. Therefore, the study proposes guidelines for health, safety, and privacy, along with compromise-based management for the Thai context. It aims to support greater acceptance and openness toward diversity like a creative city. This research introduces “3Ps Development Framework for Building Gender-Neutral Public Toilets,” particularly in tourism areas, and contributing to broader social change toward the normalization of gender diversity.