Vocabulary Analysis in the Chinese Textbook 301 Sentences of Chinese Conversation

Abstract

This study examines the lexical features of Chinese vocabulary in the two volumes of 301 Sentences of Chinese Conversation (Revised Edition). Using AntConc software, the analysis focuses on vocabulary quantity, difficulty level, frequency, and definitional methods to assess the appropriateness of lexical selection and sequencing for Thai beginner learners. Results reveal 979 new vocabulary items, with 69.9% classified as elementary, 19% intermediate, and 4.3% advanced. Additionally, 148 out-of-list words (14.8%)—mainly Thai-related proper nouns—were identified, along with 221 discrepancies between lesson content and vocabulary lists, and 102 new words missing from instructional materials, potentially affecting retention. The study also identifies issues in lexical definitions, including 67 ambiguous part-of-speech labels and 22 inaccurate semantic explanations. Although the textbook primarily employs direct translation, insufficient contextualization and limited word recurrence (only 37% repeated three or more times) may hinder systematic acquisition. To address these gaps, the study proposes: (1) refining vocabulary gradation to align with standardized proficiency frameworks; (2) integrating computational tools for dynamic vocabulary management; and (3) redesigning lexical definitions to clarify usage contexts and grammatical functions. These recommendations aim to strengthen the textbook’s alignment with learners’ communicative needs and foster more efficient conversational skill development.