Global Englishes: Opportunities and Challenges

Main Article Content

Anuchit Toomaneejinda

Abstract

Currently, the study of English no longer confines itself to the study of linguistic structures including sounds, words and grammatical rules. Its scope has been extended to include economic, cultural and ideological dimensions as well as the social effects of the use of English and of English users on their societies. The changing sociolinguistic and sociopolitical realities of the global use of English result in different emerging paradigms and approaches within such fields as sociology, social anthropology and linguistics, one of which is Global Englishes. In particular, the ‘Global Englishes’ paradigm (GE) embraces the diversity of the global use of English and of English language users. It focuses more on the diversified identity of English users, the use of effective communication strategies and successful communication. However, although the diverse forms and uses of English within Global Englishes are widely recognised, the paradigm needs to be construed with caution before any implementation. While it supports the use of English as a means of intercultural communication, the present article, through an analysis of previous studies on Global Englishes, aims to provide insights into the paradigm and discuss the opportunities and challenges of its implementation, particularly in the classroom context.

Downloads

Article Details

How to Cite
Toomaneejinda, A. (2022). Global Englishes: Opportunities and Challenges. Journal of Liberal Arts Thammasat University, 22(2), 412–437. https://doi.org/10.14456/lartstu.2022.29
Section
Academic Articles

References

Ahn, H. (2014). Teachers’ attitudes towards Korean English in South Korea. World Englishes, 33(2), 195-222. https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12081

Baker, W. (2015). Culture and complexity through English as a lingua franca: Rethinking competences and pedagogy in ELT. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 4(1), 9-30. https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2015-0005

Baker, W., & Ishikawa, T. (2021). Transcultural communication through Global Englishes: An advanced textbook for students. Routledge.

Bernaisch, T., & Koch, C. (2016). Attitudes towards Englishes in India. World Englishes, 35(1), 118-132. https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12174

Bolton, K. (2018). World Englishes and second language acquisition. World Englishes, 37(1), 5-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12299

Buripakdi, A. (2012). On professional writing: Thai writers’ views on their English. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 22(2), 245-264. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-4192. 2012.00311.x

Butler, Y. G. (2007). How are nonnative-English-speaking teachers perceived by young learners?. TESOL Quarterly, 41(4), 731-755. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1545-7249. 2007.tb00101.x

Canagarajah, S. (2005). Critical pedagogy in L2 learning and teaching. In E. Hinkel (Ed.), Handbook of research in second language teaching and research (pp. 931-949). Lawrence Erlbaum.

Chan, J. Y. (2013). Contextual variation and Hong Kong English. World Englishes, 32(1), 54-74. https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12004

Crystal, D. (2012). English as a global language (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

Dalton-Puffer, C., Kaltenboeck, G., & Smit, U. (1997). Learner attitudes and L2 pronunciation in Austria. World Englishes, 16(1), 115-128. https://doi.org/10.1111/ 1467-971X. 00052

Degenhardt, J. (2021). Requests in Indian and Sri Lankan English. World Englishes, 40(4), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12573

Deterding, D. (2012). Intelligibility in spoken ELF. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 1(1), 185-190. https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2012-0011

Dewey, M. (2019). An ELF-ography. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 8(1), 5-7. https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2019-2013

Foo, A. L., & Tan, Y. Y. (2019). Linguistic insecurity and the linguistic ownership of English among Singaporean Chinese. World Englishes, 38(4), 606-629. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/weng.12359

Galloway, N. (2013). Global Englishes and English Language Teaching (ELT) — Bridging the gap between theory and practice in a Japanese context. System, 41(3), 786-803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2013.07.019

Galloway, N. (2017). Global Englishes and change in English language teaching: Attitudes and impact. Routledge.

Galloway, N., & Rose, H. (2015). Introducing Global Englishes. Routledge.

Goodrich, N. H. (2020). English in Iran. World Englishes, 39(3), 482-499. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/weng.12491

Hackert, S. (2012). The emergence of the English native speaker: A chapter in nineteenth-century linguistic thought. Walter de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/97816145 11052

Hansen Edwards, J. G. (2017). Defining ‘native speaker’ in multilingual settings: English as a native language in Asia. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 38(9), 757-771. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2016.1257627

He, D., & Li, D. C. (2009). Language attitudes and linguistic features in the ‘China English’ debate. World Englishes, 28(1), 70-89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971X.2008. 01570.x

Holmes, J. (2013). An introduction to sociolinguistics (4th ed.). Routledge.

House, J. (2010). The Pragmatics of English as a lingua franca. In A. Trosborg (Ed.), Pragmatics across Languages and Cultures (pp. 363-390). De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110214444

House, J. (2012). English as a lingua franca and linguistic diversity. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 1(1), 173-175. https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2012-0008

Ishikawa, T. (2016). World Englishes and English as a Lingua Franca: Conceptualising the legitimacy of Asian people’s English. Asian Englishes, 18(2), 129-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/13488678.2016.1171672

Jenkins, J. (2009). Exploring attitudes towards English as a lingua franca in the East Asian context. In K. Murata & J. Jenkins (Eds.), Global Englishes in Asian contexts (pp. 40-56). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230239531_4

Jenkins, J. (2015a). Global Englishes: A resource book for students. Routledge.

Jenkins, J. (2015b). Repositioning English and multilingualism in English as a Lingua Franca. Englishes in Practice, 2(3), 49-85.

Jenkins, J., Cogo, A., & Dewey, M. (2011). Review of developments in research into English as a lingua franca. Language Teaching, 44(3), 281-315. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444811000115

Kachru, B. B. (1985). The bilinguals’ creativity. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 6, 20-33. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190500003032

Llurda, E. (2014). Native and non-native teachers of English. In C. A. Chapelle (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics (pp. 1-5). Blackwell.

Mahboob, A. (2015) Identity management, language variation, and English language textbooks. In D. Djenar, A. Mahboob & K. Cruickshank (Eds.), Language and identity across modes of communication (pp. 153-177). De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781614513599

Mauranen, A. (2012). Exploring ELF: Academic English shaped by non-native speakers. Cambridge University Press.

McArthur, T. (1987). The English languages?. English Today, 3(3), 9-13. https://doi.org/ 10.1017/S0266078400013511

McKenzie, R. M. (2008). Social factors and non-native attitudes towards varieties of spoken English: A Japanese case study. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 18(1), 63-88. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-4192.2008.00179.x

Meierkord, C. (2007). Lingua franca communication in multiethnic contexts. In H. Kotthoff & H. Spencer-Oatey (Eds.), Handbook of Intercultural Communication (pp. 199-218). De Gruyter Mouton.

Mey, J. (1981). “Right or wrong, my native speaker” Estant les régestes du noble souverain de l’empirie linguistic avec un renvoy au mesme roy. In F. Coulmas (Ed.), A festschrift for native speaker (pp. 69-84). De Gruyter Mouton.

Modiano, M. (1999a). International English in the global village. English Today, 15(2), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.1017/S026607840001083X

Modiano, M. (1999b). Standard English (es) and educational practices for the world’s lingua franca. English Today, 15(4), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1017/S02660784000 11196

Parmegiani, A. (2017). Gender and the ownership of English in South Africa. World Englishes, 36(1), 42-59. https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12214

Pennycook, A. (2010). Critical and alternative directions in Applied Linguistics. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, 33(2), 16-1. https://doi.org/10.2104/ aral1016

Pennycook, A. (2016). Politics, power relationships and ELT. In G. Hall (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of English language teaching (pp. 26-37). Routledge.

Phillipson, R. 1992. Linguistic imperialism. Oxford University Press.

Pietikäinen, K. S. (2021). The influence of context on language alternation practices in English as a lingua franca. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 10(1), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2021-2053

Pitzl, M. L. (2016). World Englishes and creative idioms in English as a lingua franca. World Englishes, 35(2), 293-309. https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12196

Prodromou, L. (1992). What culture? Which culture? Cross-cultural factors in language learning. ELT journal, 46(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/46.1.39

Rampton, M. B. H. (1990). Displacing the “native speaker”: Expertise, affiliation and inheritance. ELT Journal, 44, 338-343. https://doi.org/10.1093/eltj/44.2.97

Rose, H., & Galloway, N. (2019). Global Englishes for language teaching. Cambridge University Press.

Sato, T., Yujobo, Y. J., Okada, T., & Ogane, E. (2019). Communication strategies employed by low-proficiency users: Possibilities for ELF-informed pedagogy. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 8(1), 9-35. https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2019-2003

Schneider, E. W. (2003). The dynamics of New Englishes: From identity construction to dialect birth. Language, 79(2), 233-281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971X.20 09.01627.x

Seargeant, P. (2010). Naming and defining in world Englishes. World Englishes, 29(1), 97-113. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971X.2009.01627.x

Seidlhofer, B. (2011). Conceptualizing ‘English’ for a multilingual Europe. In A. De Houwer & A. Wilton (Eds.), English in Europe today: Sociocultural and educational perspectives (pp. 133-146). John Benjamins.

Seilhamer, M. F. (2015). The ownership of English in Taiwan. World Englishes, 34(3), 370-388. https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12147

Shohamy, E. (2019). Critical language testing and English lingua franca: How can one help the other? In K. Murata (Ed.), English-medium instruction from an English as a lingua franca perspective: Exploring the higher education context (pp. 271-285). Routledge.

Sifakis, N. C., Lopriore, L., Dewey, M., Bayyurt, Y., Vettorel, P., Cavalheiro, L., Siqueira, D. S. P., & Kordia, S. (2018). ELF-awareness in ELT: Bringing together theory and practice. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 7(1), 155-209. https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2018-0008

Snodin, N. S. (2014). English naming and code-mixing in Thai mass media. World Englishes, 33(1), 100-111. https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12071

Snodin, N. S., & Young, T. J. (2015). ‘Native-speaker’ varieties of English: Thai perceptions and attitudes. Asian Englishes, 17(3), 248-260. https://doi.org/10.1080/13488678. 2015.1083354

Strevens, P. (1985). Standards and the standard language. English today, 1(2), 5-7. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266078400000055

Svartvik, J., & Leech, G. (2006). One tongue: Many voices. Palgrave Macmillan.

Toomaneejinda, A., & Harding, L. (2018). Disagreement practices in ELF academic group discussion: Verbal, nonverbal and interactional strategies. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 7(2), 307-332. https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2018-0016

Vettorel, P. (2013). ELF in international school exchanges: Stepping into the role of ELF users. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 2(1), 147-173. https://doi.org/ 10.1515/jelf-2013-0007

Wenger, E. (1999). Communities of practice: Learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge University Press.

Widdowson, H. G. (1994). The ownership of English. TESOL Quarterly, 28(2), 377-389.

Wodak, R. (2011). Critical linguistics and critical discourse analysis. In J. Zienkowski, J. Östman & J. Verschueren (Eds.), Discursive pragmatics (pp. 50-70), John Benjamins.

Yano, Y. (2009). English as an international lingua franca: From societal to individual. World Englishes, 28(2), 246-255. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971X.2009.015 87.x