Buddhists’ Role in Six Directions: A Comparative Analysis of the Pali and Chinese Buddhist Scriptures
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Abstract
The study is a comparative research on parallel Buddhist scriptures, which has gained increasing interest recently. The parallel sutras consist of the Sanskrit Canon, Pali Canon, and Chinese Canon, which share similar content but were transmitted through different sects. In this researchers chose to study the Siṅgālaka sutra, an essential scripture concerning the conduct of life, which has been translated in various versions and languages, approximately 25 versions. This sutra is also well-known in Thailand. The study focuses on the role of Buddhists in the six directions and uses documentary research methodology to compare specifically the Pali and Chinese versions. The five versions chosen for comparison are as follows: 1) The Sigalaka Sutta from the Pāli Nikaya; 2) The Shansheng Sutra of from the Chinese Dīrghāgama; 3) The Shansheng Sutra from the Chinese Madhyamāgama; 4) The Buddha to Sigālavat on the worship of the six directions Sutra from the 16th sutra of Chinese individual Dīrghāgama; and 5) Son of Shansheng Sutra from the 17th sutra of Chinese individual Dīrghāgama. The research findings reveal that the order of the topics in all six directions of Buddhist’s role is similar. However, there are significant differences in the number of precepts or rules in each direction, particularly in the part related to the duties of wives towards their husbands and employees towards their employers. These variations might have resulted from adding content based on different interpretations of similar scriptures or based on local cultural perspectives of the translators.
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