PUBLIC POLICY FORMULATION IN LINE WITH THE 4 SOCIAL OBJECTIVES TO STRENGTHEN GOOD GOVERNANCE IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR

Abstract

This academic article had two main objectives: 1. To analyze approaches to public policy formulation in the public sector by integrating the four bases of social solidarity Sangahavatthu 4: Dana; charity, Piyavaca; Atthacariya; beneficial conduct, and samanattata; impartiality, and 2. To develop a structural model that systematically links these Buddhist moral principles to the principles of good governance in the public policy process. The analysis revealed that incorporating the Sangahavatthu 4 to enhance moral-based good governance by reducing the gap between government and citizens, strengthening trust, equity, and sustainable engagement. The article presents a new body of knowledge in the form of a Moral-Based Public Policy Formulation Model, which integrates each Sangahavatthu principle into specific stages of the policy cycle: problem identification linked to charity, policy design linked to kindly speech, policy decision-making linked to beneficial conduct policy implementation linked to impartiality and evaluation a synthesis of all four principles. This model served not only as an ethical framework in theory but also as a practical tool for developing policies that promote both administrative effectiveness and moral legitimacy core foundations of contemporary good governance.