A Developmental Model for Enhancing the Private Kindergarten Principals’ Leadership in the New Era in Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
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This study aimed (1) to analyze the leadership needs of private kindergarten principals, (2) to develop a leadership enhancement model, (3) to implement the model, and (4) to evaluate the model in Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China. The research employed a mixed-methods design across four phases. In Phase 1, a quantitative survey was conducted with 285 teachers from 15 private kindergartens, and qualitative interviews were held with 12 stakeholders, including principals, teachers, and parents from award-winning kindergartens. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, priority needs index (PNI Modified), and content analysis. In Phase 2, the model was developed based on literature synthesis and expert validation from five specialists in early childhood leadership. Phase 3 implemented the model with six principals over a two-month period, with pre- and post-tests administered to measure leadership improvement. Phase 4 involved evaluation by seven experts in early childhood education and administration, using accuracy, propriety, feasibility, and utility as criteria.
The research results were found as follows: (1) The priority leadership needs identified were value and transformational leadership, followed by human and structural leadership. Communication, culture building, and idealized influence were highlighted as the most critical indicators requiring improvement. (2) The developed VHTS Model, integrating value, human, transformational, and structural leadership within the PDCA cycle, was validated as theoretically sound and practically applicable. (3) Implementation results showed that principals’ leadership scores increased significantly from pre-test to post-test, with an average improvement of 10.33 points, and participants reported higher confidence, deeper understanding, and satisfaction with the model. (4) Expert evaluations rated the model highly across all criteria, with accuracy scoring the highest, confirming its relevance, applicability, and contribution to leadership enhancement in private kindergartens.
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ทัศนะและความคิดเห็นที่ปรากฏในบทความในวารสาร ถือเป็นความรับผิดชอบของผู้เขียนบทความนั้น และไม่ถือเป็นทัศนะและความรับผิดชอบของกองบรรณาธิการ ยินยอมว่าบทความเป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของวารสาร
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