John Keats: The Enigmatic Poet’s Journey through Spirituality and Existence

Authors

  • Hakim Sudinpreeda Faculty of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, Fatoni University, Thailand

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14456/jlapsu.2024.17

Keywords:

John Keats, English Literature, Poetry, Spirituality

Abstract

This paper explores the spiritual journey of the narrator in John Keats’s poems and shows how themes such as loss and illness make the narrator reflects on life, death, and spirituality. It examines Keats’s admiration for Shakespeare, particularly how the balance of good and evil influenced the narrator’s view of human experiences. By comparing the spiritual beliefs presented in Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Macbeth with those in Keats’s poems, this study highlights the narrator’s evolving understanding of suffering and joy, especially in works like The Fall of Hyperion: A Dream. The narrator’s appreciation of the divine is also examined, particularly through the connection between beauty and philosophical truth, as illustrated in Ode on a Grecian Urn. Through an analysis of key poems like When I Have Fears That I May Cease to Be, Bright Star, To Autumn, and Ode on Melancholy, this paper shows that Keats’s spiritual ideas are shaped initially by personal experiences and later by literary influences like Shakespeare. The study emphasizes how the narrator’s journey moves beyond traditional Christianity, reflecting a deeper search for meaning through beauty and truth. Although it is challenging to interpret Keats’s narrator from the perspective of Southeast Asian readers, this paper aims to offer a new perspective on how Keats’s spiritual themes resonate with a broader audience, transcending cultural and religious boundaries.

References

Al-Jumaili, Y. A. (2020). Metaphors of fever in the poetry of John Keats: A cognitive approach. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 7(1), 1793445. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2020.1793445

Blank, G. K. (2018). Mapping Keats’s progress & the Holy Grail, (From London to Naples to Rome). Retrieved from https://johnkeats.uvic.ca/1816-03-16.html

Canani, M. (2014). Reweaving the tapestry of intertextuality. Keats’s dialogue with Shakespeare and the Italian translations of ‘When I Have Fears’. The Keats-Shelley Review, 28(2), 117-132.

Chen, K.P. (2018). Rethinking the concept of obscenity: The erotic subject and self-annihilation in the works of Blake, Shelley, and Keats [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. The University of Edinburgh. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/429734872.pdf

Crespi de Valldaura, S. (2016). Intimations and abstractions: Keats’s reformulations of the Romantic ego. Paper Shell Review, Spring 2016. https://english.umd.edu/research-innovation/journals/paper-shell-review/paper-shell-review-spring-2016/intimations-and

Donato, A. (2013). Self-examination and consolation in Boethius’ “Consolation of Philosophy”. The Classical World, 106(3), 397–430. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24699933

Dreyfus, H. L., & Kelly, S. D. (2011). All things shining: Reading the western classics to find meaning in a secular age. Free Press.

Elkad-Lehman, I., & Greensfeld, H. (2011). Intertextuality as an interpretative method in qualitative research. Narrative Inquiry, 21(2), 258–275. https://doi.org/10.1075/ni.21.2.05elk

Ezzeldin, H. H. (2018). A flight within: Keat’s nightingale in light of the Sufis. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 9(3), 121-127.

Fathers of the English Dominican Province. (Trans.). (1920). The summa theologica of St. Thomas Aquinas: Question 5. Goodness in general. In Kevin Knight (Ed.), New Advent. https://www.newadvent.org/summa/1005.htm

Fermanis, P. (2009). John Keats and the ideas of the enlightenment. Edinburgh University Press.

Harding, A. (2003). The eighteenth-century religious background. In the Countess of Huntingdon’s Connexion: A sect in action in eighteenth-century England (online ed.). Oxford Academic. https://doi.org/10.1093/0198263694.003.0002

Hasan, L. L., & Nazir, F. (2012). From negative capability to negative theology: Keats and religion. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 51(1), 195–205. https://jsshuok.com/oj/index.php/jssh/article/view/240

Hirsch, C., von Bülow, C., & Simpson, P. (2023). Stoicism, philosophy as a way of life and negative capability: Developing a capacity for working in radical uncertainty. Leadership, 19(5), 393-412. https://doi.org/10.1177/17427150231178092

Hough, G. G. (2024, January 13). John Keats. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Keats

Jang, S. (2023). Kim Yŏngnang reading Keats: An intertextual study of “Tugyŏn” (The cuckoo) and “Ode to a Nightingale.” Acta Koreana, 26(2), 65-90.

Kaźmierczak, M. (2019). Intertextuality as translation problem: Explicitness, recognisability and the case of “literatures of smaller nations.” Russian Journal of Linguistics, 23(2), 362–382. https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-9182-2019-23-2-362-382

Keats, J. (1817, November 22). To Benjamin Bailey. http://www.john-keats.com/briefe/221117.htm

Keats, J. (1819). The Fall of Hyperion - A Dream, CANTO I. http://www.john-keats.com/gedichte/the_fall_of_hyperion.htm

Keats, J. (1958). Letters of John Keats (H. E. Rollins, Ed., Vol. 1). Harvard University Press.

Keats, J. (1973). On sitting down to read King Lear once again. In J. Barnard (Ed.), The complete poems of John Keats (p.220). Penguin Classics.

Keats, J. (2008). Lamia (EBook #2490). Project Gutenberg. Retrieved from https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2490

Keats, J. (2012). John Keats - poems. Poemhunter.com - The World’s Poetry Archive. https://www.poemhunter.com/john-keats/ebooks/?ebook=0&filename=john_keats_2012_7.pdf

Machado, F. (2019, January 15-18). Living the Christian faith in an inter-religious and multi-cultural context. Colloquium of the Officials from the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith with Bishops and Theologians of Asia, Bangkok, Thailand.

McGinn, B. (2015). Mysticism and the reformation: A brief survey. Acta Theologica, 35(2), 50-65. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/actat.v35i2.4

McLean, K. (2002). Plotinian sources for Coleridge’s theories of evil. Coleridge Bulletin, 20, 93-104.

Motion, A. (1999). Keats. University of Chicago Press.

Mulrooney, J. (2003). Keats in the company of Kean. Studies in Romanticism, 42(2), 227–250. https://doi.org/10.2307/25601617

Oesterheld, C. (2015). Contextualization. In J. M. Athyal (Ed.), Religion in Southeast Asia: An Encyclopedia of Faiths and Cultures (pp. 51-56). Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.

Pigg, M. (2000). “I have lov’d the principle of beauty in all things”: The Keatsian idea of beauty in “Ode on a Grecian Urn,” “Ode to a Nightingale,” “La Belle Dame Sans Merci,” & Hyperion [Master’s thesis, Western Kentucky University]. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3411

Proclus. (1909). Proclus’ Metaphysical elements ... (Thos. M. Johnson, Trans.). Osceola, MO: [Press of the Republican]. https://homepages.uc.edu/~martinj/HistoryofLogic/Neoplatonic_Logic/Proclus%20%20Elements%20of%20Theology%20(Johnson)%20English.htm

Rajan, T. (1980). Dark Interpreter: The discourse of Romanticism. Cornell University Press.

Roché, K. A. (2017). A spiritual guide for the modern age: The figure of the poet in the letters and poems of John Keats. UCLA Journal of Religion, 1(1), 23-51.

Santoni, R. E. (2016). Heidegger and the question of nihilism: An analysis of the philosophical underpinnings of Heidegger’s nihilism. Springer.

Shakespeare, W. (1994). The complete works of William Shakespeare (eBook #100). Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/100

Smith, J. (2000). John Keats’s philosophical ideas. Cambridge University Press.

Sperry, S. M. (1973). Keats the poet. Princeton University Press.

Taylor, J. (n.d.). Holy living. Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library. (Original work published 1613-1667)

The Bible. (n.d.). Psalm 90:2, King James Version. Bible Gateway. Retrieved July 4, 2024, from https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalm%2090%3A2&version=KJV

Walker, M. (2014). In praise of peculiar bliss: Adherence and innovation in John Keats’s personal theology. The Expositor: A Journal of Undergraduate Research in the Humanities, 10, 52-61.

Watson Andaya, B. (2018, June 25). Christianity in Asia. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History. Retrieved October 22, 2023, from https://oxfordre.com/asianhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277727-e-219

Weller, S. (2011). Modernism and nihilism. Palgrave Macmillan.

Yost, G. (1962). Keats’s early religious phraseology. Studies in Philology, 59(3), 579–591.

Downloads

Published

2024-11-26

How to Cite

Sudinpreeda, H. (2024). John Keats: The Enigmatic Poet’s Journey through Spirituality and Existence. Journal of Liberal Arts Prince of Songkla University, 16(2), 279582. https://doi.org/10.14456/jlapsu.2024.17