The Perspectives of Cambodian Government Officials on Gender Inequality in the Workplace

Abstract

Gender-oriented norms and normative social mindsets continue to divide employment by sex, limiting the growth of women's responsibilities in modern society. The constancy of discriminatory stereotypes about the roles and responsibilities of women and men in family and society is deeply rooted in Cambodian culture. It is continuously maintained by prioritizing men’s superiority over women. This qualitative research aimed to investigate the viewpoints of male and female Cambodian government officials regarding gender (in)equality in the workplace and discover the appropriate remedies to address any related existing issues. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and non-participant observation. The key informants were six female and six male government officials in Battambang Province, Cambodia. The findings indicated the meaning of gender equality in the workplace as women and men having equal opportunities, rights, and responsibilities. Therefore, males and females should be given equal chances for employment or job placement based on their abilities. In addition, education, mindset, understanding and acceptance of gender in the workplace, opportunity and participation in making decisions, and social support were identified as the important factors contributing to the recognition of gender equality. It was also revealed that inequality did exist in local Cambodian government institutions. The stereotypes and adherence to more traditional gender roles were the main factors negatively impacting gender equality. The data pointed to the need for both men and women to develop a deeper understanding of workplace gender equality and for the Cambodian government to take steps to ensure that both female and male officials comply with gender equality policies already in place.