Libraries and Artificial Intelligence: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to examine and synthesize existing knowledge on the application of artificial intelligence in the field of libraries and information science. It also aims to develop an integrated conceptual framework that explains the relationships among AI adoption processes within the library ecosystem at the operational, professional, and strategic levels, thereby enhancing understanding of how libraries are transforming in the AI era.

Methodology: This study employed documentary research using a scoping review approach and qualitative synthesis methods. A total of 44 research and academic articles published in Library Hi Tech News between 2021 and 2026 were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using thematic synthesis to identify key themes, categorize major dimensions, and develop an integrated conceptual framework for AI adoption in libraries.

Findings: The findings indicate that AI applications in libraries can be categorized into four major dimensions: (1) AI applications in library services and workflows, (2) the roles and competencies of librarians in the AI era, (3) strategic perspectives and future concepts of libraries, and (4) exploration of specific AI technologies and tools. The study also found that the integrated conceptual framework consists of three interconnected levels: Strategic Level, Professional Level, and Operational Level.

Applications of this study: The findings can be applied in developing AI policies and strategic planning for libraries, educational institutions, and information organizations. The study also supports professional competency development, smart library service design, and digital transformation strategies. Furthermore, the proposed framework may serve as a reference for future research, innovation development, and policy formulation in the field of library and information science.