IDENTITY OF CULTURAL CAPITAL OF BAN LAEM PHO, KHU TAO SUB-DISTRICT, HAT YAI, SONGKHLA

Abstract

This research article aimed to examine the cultural capital identity of Ban Laem Pho, Village No. 3, Khu Tao Sub-district, Hat Yai District, Songkhla Province. The study, conducted through document analysis, observation, in-depth interviews, focus groups, and data analysis, revealed that Laem Pho was both a sacred site rooted in local beliefs and a natural cape extending into Songkhla Lake. The cultural capital identity of Ban Laem Pho is categorized into three key dimensions: 1) *Cultural capital in traditions and beliefs*: The community observed the water-based Chak Phra festival, a Buddhist tradition where a Buddha statue was placed in a beautifully decorated pavilion on a boat, accompanied by rhythmic drumming as it was transported to Laem Pho. Following the procession, boat races were held, with two rowers per team competing. The legend of the "Sacred Serpent Ancestor" (Tuad Ngu) was also significant, with a ritual held at the Tuad Ngu Pavilion involving offerings of flowers, incense, candles, firecrackers, and fresh eggs. A traditional dish called Tom Sam Liam was prepared as an offering to monks and was also hung on the boats during the end of Buddhist Lent.
2) *Cultural capital in traditional craftsmanship and livelihoods*: The community has practiceds long-tail boatbuilding, a craft passed down through generations, used primarily for transportation and coastal fishing. The skill of making nets (mat kat) has been also significant, requiring precise tying of plastic and lead buoys. Small-scale fishing in Songkhla Lake has been a primary livelihood, providing essential resources for the community’s sustenance. 3) *Cultural capital in performing arts*: The Laem Pho boat songs have been traditional songs originally sung by rowers to coordinate their rowing rhythm and to enhance the joy of the Chak Phra festival. In conclusion, the cultural capital identity of Ban Laem Pho plays a crucial role in fostering social cohesion and promoting peaceful coexistence within the community.