India's Blue Economy Policy: Driving Factors, Successes, and Challenges

Abstract

               This research article aims to study India's policies on initiating the blue economy and the conditions and factors driving India to develop strategies related to the blue economy. The findings indicate that India recognizes its geographical advantages, with a coastline spanning over 7,500 kilometers and nine coastal states. However, the country has yet to capitalize on this geographical potential fully. India has therefore initiated a comprehensive blue economy policy that integrates the work of various related sectors. In the environmental and sustainability dimension, led by the Ministry of Earth Sciences, India has developed the "Deep Ocean Mission" project to promote research and technology in deep-sea resource development, renewable energy, and marine biology. In the economic and social dimension, led by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways, India emphasizes sustainable utilization of marine resources to stimulate economic growth. A significant initiative, "Sagarmala," focuses on developing port infrastructure, transportation, and coastal development in alignment with sustainable development goals. This has enhanced cargo handling capacity, reduced container turnaround times, and improved transportation logistics efficiency, effectively lowering logistics costs. It has also expanded road and rail networks connecting ports. In the international relations dimension, led by the Ministry of External Affairs, India emphasizes maritime strategies by integrating the Indian and Pacific Oceans through partnerships and relationships with countries sharing common goals. This includes implementing the "Neighbourhood First" policy, developing islands, improving connectivity with neighboring countries, and strengthening economic and security cooperation with neighboring nations in the Indian Ocean.