E-cigarette and smoking cessation : limitations and suggestions from previous researches
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Currently, e-cigarette use appears to significantly increase in United States of America, European countries including Thailand. Most e-cigarette users are early adults (18-24 years of age). One reason enabling an increase in e-cigarette use is an idea that e-cigarette can help stop smoking cigarettes. The reason supporting e-cigarette can help quit smoking. Supporting reason for smoking cessation is that the claim that most e-cigarettes contain nicotine, making the use of e-cigarettes help relive nicotine withdrawal symptoms. However, previous studies on the effect of e-cigarette use on smoking cessation are unclear. Many studies related to effects of e-cigarette use on smoking cessation indicated inconsistent findings. Some revealed the supporting evidence of the benefits of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation. Others showed opposite results that e-cigarettes could not help quite smoking.
The objective of this research article was to propose limitations and suggestions from previous studies for extension of further research. The limitations included 1) measurement of exposure and outcome, 2) significant covariate data were not collected, and 3) design and population.
The researcher found insufficient evidence from studies to conclude that e-cigarette can help
smoking cessation due to many limitations in previous studies, particularly with regard to exposure and outcome measurements, data collection of key covariates, and design and population. These factors and limitations should be considered in further studies on the effect of e-cigarette use on quitting smoking.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The content and information in articles published in the PCFM journal are solely the opinions and responsibilities of the authors. The journal's editorial board does not necessarily agree with or share any responsibility for them.
All articles, information, content, images, etc., published in the PCFM journal are the copyright of the PCFM journal. If any individual or organization wishes to reproduce, distribute, or use any part or the entirety of the content, they must obtain written permission from the PCFM journal beforehand.
References
Napoli N. E-Cigarettes Linked to Heart Attacks, Coronary Artery Disease and Depression [Internet]. American College of Cardiology; 2019 Mar [cited 2022 May 19]. Available from: https://www.acc.org/about-acc/press-releases/2019/03/07/10/03/ecigarettes-linked-to-heart-attacks-coronary-artery-disease-and-depression
Cedarbaum ER, Mital R, Goldschlager N. Trends in e-Cigarette Use in Adults in the United States, 2016-2018. JAMA Internal Medicine [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Apr 20];180(10):1394-1398. Available from: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2770374. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2817
Laverty AA, Filippidis FT, Vardavas CI. Patterns, trends and determinants of e-cigarette use in 28 European Union Member States 2014–2017. Prev Med (Baltim). 2018;116(March 2017):13–18.
Ofuchi T, Zaw AMM, Thepthien BO. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Prevalence of Cigarette and E-Cigarette Use Among Adolescents in Bangkok, Thailand. Asia-Pacific J Public Heal. 2020;32(8):398–405.
Cooper M, Harrell MB, Perry CL. A qualitative approach to understanding real-world electronic cigarette use: Implications for measurement and regulation. Prev Chronic Dis. 2016;13(1):1–9.
Weaver SR, Huang J, Pechacek TF, Heath JW, Ashley DL, Eriksen MP. Are electronic nicotine delivery systems helping cigarette smokers quit? Evidence from a prospective cohort study of U.S. adult smokers, 2015–2016. PLoS One. 2018;13(7):2015–2016.
อารยา ทองผิว. การบำบัดโรคเสพยาสูบสำหรับผู้ป่วยที่ประสงค์จะเลิก. แนวทางเวชปฏิบัติสำาหรับการบำบัดโรคเสพยาสูบในประเทศไทย ฉบับปรับปรุง พ.ศ. 2561 สำหรับบุคลากรทางการแพทย์และสาธารณสุข [Internet]. 2561;46–47. Available from: http://resource.thaihealth.or.th/system/files/documents/aenwthaangewchptibatisamhrabkaarbambadorkhesphyaasuubainpraethsaithy_chbabprabprung_ph.s.2561_samhrabbukhlaakrthaangkaaraephthyaelasaathaarnsukh.pdf
V. Prokhorov, Karen Suchanek Hudmon A. Nicotine dependence, withdrawal symptoms, and adolescents’ readiness to quit smoking. Nicotine Tob Res. 2001;3(2):151–155.
Benowitz NL. Neurobiology of Nicotine Addiction: Implications for Smoking Cessation Treatment. Am J Med. 2008;121(4 SUPPL.):S3.
Bullen C, Knight-West O. E-cigarettes for the management of nicotine addiction. Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2016;Volume 7:111–118.
Barrett SP. The effects of nicotine, denicotinized tobacco, and nicotine-containing tobacco on cigarette craving, withdrawal, and self-administration in male and female smokers. Behav Pharmacol. 2010;21(2):144–152.
Gomajee R, El-Khoury F, Goldberg M, Zins M, Lemogne C, Wiernik E, et al. Association between Electronic Cigarette Use and Smoking Reduction in France. JAMA Intern Med. 2019;179(9):1193–1200.
Kalkhoran S, Chang Y, Rigotti NA. E-cigarettes and Smoking Cessation in Smokers With Chronic Conditions. Am J Prev Med [Internet]. 2019;57(6):786–791. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2019.08.017
Verplaetse TL, Moore KE, Pittman BP, Roberts W, Oberleitner LM, Peltier MKR, et al. Intersection of E-Cigarette Use and Gender on Transitions in Cigarette Smoking Status: Findings Across Waves 1 and 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Nicotine Tob Res. 2019;21(10):1423–1428.
Al-Delaimy WK, Myers MG, Leas EC, Strong DR, Hofstetter CR. E-cigarette use in the past and quitting behavior in the future: A population-based study. Am J Public Health. 2015;105(6):1213–1219.
Manzoli L, Flacco ME, Fiore M, La Vecchia C, Marzuillo C, Gualano MR, et al. Electronic cigarettes efficacy and safety at 12 months: Cohort study. PLoS One. 2015;10(6):1–14.
Hyland A, Li Q, Bauer JE, Giovino GA, Steger C, Cummings KM. Predictors of cessation in a cohort of current and former smokers followed over 13 years. Nicotine Tob Res. 2004;6(SUPPL. 3).
Asian Develoment Bank. Asian Economic Integration Report 2015. 2015. Page 1-167.
Ussher M, Kakar G, Hajek P, West R. Dependence and motivation to stop smoking as predictors of success of a quit attempt among smokers seeking help to quit. Addict Behav. 2016;53:175–180.
Hajek P, Phillips-Waller A, Przulj D, Pesola F, Myers Smith K, Bisal N, et al. A Randomized Trial of E-Cigarettes versus Nicotine-Replacement Therapy. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(7):629–637.
