Implementing KWDL Learning Techniques to Enhance Academic Achievement in Mathematics on Solving the Rule of Three Problems for Prathomsuksa 5 Students at Ramkhamhaeng University Demonstration School (Elementary Level)

Abstract

Background and Objectives: According to Prathomsuksa's 5 mathematics education, students frequently struggle to analyze problem-solving tasks, particularly in solving the rule of three problems, leading to low achievement in this topic. Therefore, the researcher implemented the KWDL technique in mathematics instruction to improve students' academic performance. This study aimed to 1) compare students' academic achievement in solving the rule of three problems before and after implementing KWDL-based instruction, and 2) study students' satisfaction with the KWDL technique to enhance learning outcomes in mathematics, specifically in solving the rule of three problems.

Research Methodology: The sample for this research consisted of 32 Prathomsuksa 5/2 students from Ramkhamhaeng University Demonstration School (Elementary Level) during the first semester of the 2024 academic year. The cluster random sampling method was employed, selecting one classroom as the unit for randomization. The research instruments included: 1) 9 KWDL-based lesson plans in the topic of solving the rule of three problems for Prathomsuksa 5 students; 2) pre- and post-tests to measure academic achievement in solving the rule of three problems; and 3) a satisfaction questionnaire on the KWDL-based learning approach. The data analysis was conducted using mean , standard deviation , and a t-test.

Results: The study found that: 1) a comparison of students' academic achievement before and after instruction revealed that post-instruction achievement, following the use of KWDL techniques, was significantly higher than pre-instruction achievement at the .05 level, and 2) students' satisfaction with the KWDL-based learning approach was rated as high.

Conclusion: The instruction using the KWDL technique led to improved academic achievement among Prathomsuksa 5 students and fostered higher-order thinking skills, particularly analytical thinking, which can be applied to other subjects.