Health and Wellbeing from the Perspective of ‘Ponae’ in Pattani
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Abstract
This study aimed to explore the health and well-being of Ponae individuals whose gender identity differs from their assigned gender at birth in Pattani Province. It focused on the dimensions of health and living conditions, as well as issues affecting the equality of gender-diverse populations. The central argument of this research is that Ponae face rejection of their gender identity by their families and the Muslim community in Pattani due to rigid interpretations of religious roles. This rejection contributes to chronic stress and mental health issues, reflecting the health disparities and human rights violations seen among vulnerable groups. The objective of the study was to examine the health and living conditions of Ponae in Pattani Province through qualitative research methods, including in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The participants consisted of 22 individuals: 15 Ponae, 6 healthcare providers, and 1 local politician. The findings indicate that Ponae encounter identity rejection from their families and the Muslim community in Pattani, where fixed interpretations of gender roles are based on religious perspectives. This results in mental health problems such as chronic stress, depression, and suicidal thoughts. Moreover, Ponae faces challenges in accessing healthcare services due to mismatches between their physical appearance and the information on their identification documents, highlighting systemic health inequities. The discussion identifies three key factors affecting the health and well-being of Ponae: physical and mental health, social and economic factors, and religious interpretations of gender roles. The study recommends developing health policies that address these specific needs, creating safe spaces within communities, and promoting understanding of gender diversity. The aim of these strategies is to reduce inequalities, enhance equity, and align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to foster societal sustainability.
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