Theoretical Perspectives on Policy Implementation

Abstract

Policy implementation could be classified into three ways i.e. first, the Top-down Approach
which prioritized the policy contents and monitoring the policy implementation that the
policymakers prioritized success of its implementation or otherwise called the Policy Central
Approach. The top-down approach viewed that the policy has been made from the top and
transformed into practices so that the bottom level would apply it. Second, the Bottom-up
Approach was a concept prioritizing with the practitioners at the bottom level that they influenced
the success of its implementation rather than being monitored by the top. As such, the street level
bureaucrats or the front line workers could exercise their discretion and their intimacy with
problems rather than from the top. Third, the Hybrid Approach is the way to implement the policy
with new approach in order to avoid the weaknesses or the disadvantages of both approaches
above. This was to embrace the strength of the top-down approaches, which were the efficient
administrative components as the start. Then it was to integrate the bottom-up strengths and the
components of other model or other theories which would entail a model of implementing the
policy called a hybrid approach or an integrated approach.