GUIDELINES FOR INTERNAL SUPERVISION MANAGEMENT BASED ON THE THREE PĀPAṆIKA-DHAMMA PRINCIPLES IN SCHOOLS UNDER PHRA NAKHON SI AYUTTHAYA PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA OFFICE 1

Abstract

This research article aimed to: 1) study the state of internal supervision administration in educational institutions, 2) study the methods of internal supervision administration in educational institutions according to the three principles of Pāpaṇika-dhamma, and 3) propose guidelines for internal supervision administration in educational institutions according to the three principles of Pāpaṇika-dhamma in educational institutions under the Office of the Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Primary Educational Service Area 1. A mixed-methods research design was employed. Quantitative research used questionnaires with a sample group of 217 monks and novices, and data were analyzed using percentages, means, and standard deviations. Qualitative research used interviews with 5 key informants, and data were analyzed using content analysis.

The research results found that 1) the overall state of internal supervision administration in educational institutions was rated at the highest level, and 2) the methods of internal supervision administration in educational institutions according to the three principles of Pāpaṇika-dhamma included (1) the current situation and problems, the focus was on skills and relationships, with an emphasis on developing two main parts: Skills (with a focus on developing specific skills for teachers) and Relationships (with a focus on developing relationships). (2) Planning for supervision focused on people's happiness, successful work, listening to teachers' voices, and aligning staff competencies with appropriate tasks (with a focus on skills). (3) Practice focused on attitudes and wisdom, creating positive energy using the three principles of the Pāpaṇika-dhamma, and continuous knowledge enhancement. (4) Evaluation focused on systems and continuity, being systematic and transparent, development, and utilizing results for long-term process improvement. And 3) Guidelines for internal supervision management of educational institutions according to the three principles of the Pāpaṇika-dhamma of educational institutions under the Office of the Primary Educational Service Area of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya District 1, consisting of: (1) Current situation and problems, focusing on the principle of Chakkhumā to gain a realistic perspective. This involved a deep-dive analysis of the actual state of affairs, including a comprehensive SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) to understand the root causes of problems. (2) Planning, focusing on the principle of Vithuro, by establishing a clear, systematic framework included strategic planning, creating a supervision calendar, and developing a continuous workflow based on shared responsibility. (3) Practice, emphasis on the combination of virtuousness and good human relations through "Friendly Supervision" and mentoring (Kalyanamitra), providing clear guidance, motivating the team, and maintaining a robust monitoring system built on mutual trust between the supervisor and the supervisee. (4) Evaluation, emphasis on the principle of virtuousness and reliability (Nissayasampanno), by evaluating results by focusing on building good relationships and understanding among all parties in order to develop the learners.