GUIDELINES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHARACTERISTICS IN TERMS OF BEING SUFFICIENCY ACCORDING TO THE FIVE VIRTUES OF STUDENTS IN OPPORTUNITY EXPANSION SCHOOLS UNDER THE OFFICE OF PHRA NAKHON SI AYUTTHAYA PRIMARY EDUCATION SERVICE AREA 1

Abstract

The objectives of this research were: 1) to study the need of characteristics in sufficiency of students in opportunity expansion schools,  2) to study the methods for development of  characteristics in sufficiency of students in opportunity expansion schools according to the principles of Five Virtues,  and 3) to propose guidelines for development of  characteristics in sufficiency according to the principles of Five Virtues of students in opportunity expansion schools under the Office of  Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Primary Educational Service Area 1. The mixed research methods were used in the study: 1) the quantitative data were collected by questionnaires from 201 students studying Matthayom 1-3 and analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and PNI_Modified and, 2) the qualitative data were collected by in-depth interviews with 5 key-informants obtained by purposive selection and then analyzed by content analysis. The results of the study revealed that: 1) the need of characteristics in sufficiency of students in opportunity expansion schools indicated that reasonableness came first, followed by self-immunity, moderation, knowledge and virtues respectively. 2) The methods for development of  characteristics in sufficiency of students in opportunity expansion schools according to the principles of Five Virtues consisted of: (1) Moderation based on mindfulness and awareness in living and daily expenditure, (2) reasonableness by self-training in carefulness with mindfulness and awareness all the time, (3) self-immunity based on mindfulness and awareness, (4) knowledge in mental training with the principles of Five Virtues, and (5) virtue based on the principles of Five Virtues in strengthening one’s own mind, action, practice and behaving. 3) The guidelines for development of characteristics in sufficiency according to the principles of Five Virtues of students in opportunity expansion schools under the Office of  Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Primary Educational Service Area 1 consisted of: (1) moderation strengthened by activities in student development, sufficiency learning in daily life, and right livelihood in order to build virtue, ethics and conscious mind in sufficiency economy philosophy, (2) reasonableness developed by organizing the thoughts through analytical thinking, real situations and understanding in work-life, (3) self-immunity strengthened by training in income and expenses account, carefulness in living a life and life-planning, (4) knowledge developed and trained in living a life in accordance with the sufficiency economy philosophy, and (5) virtues developed and promoted by morality and ethic camp activities.