THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PARTICLES “/lâw/ and “/làʔ/” IN THAI
Keywords:
/lâw/, /làʔ/, particles, developmentAbstract
The objectives of this research were to study the functions and meanings of the particles "/lâw/" and "/làʔ/" in Thai since the Sukhothai period to the reign of King Rama IX-the present day). (B.E. 2564) The data collection was divided into 3 periods, namely: 1) the Sukhothai period 2) the Ayutthaya period, and 3) the Rattanakosin period. The Rattanakosin period was divided into 25 decades. "/lâw/" and "/làʔ/" were classified by sentence test frame (Phanupong, 1995) and semantic criteria.
The research revealed that /lâw/ is the only word that is a content word, a verb type. In the Sukhothai period, there appeared to be only one function; the particle. The Ayutthaya period and the reign of King Rama III, /lâw/ had three functions; verbs, compounding, and particles. From the reign of King Rama IV onwards, there are five functions: verbs, compounding, fixed phrases, nominalization, and particles. The first of /làʔ/ appeared during the reign of King Rama IV–V as the particle. And from the reign of King Rama IX to the present day, there has been another function: a fixed phrase. In terms of meaning, the word /lâw/ is the only one that has a content meaning: "speak, tell others.' Moreover, /lâw/ has grammatical and practical meanings like /làʔ/ namely affirmative meaning, instructive meaning, expressive meaning, repetitiveness meaning, cause-effect meaning, initiation meaning, and cessation meaning.
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