ระบบเจ้าพ่ออุปถัมภ์: อำนาจครอบงำแบบอาณานิคมของฟิลิปปินส์ในมหากาพย์แห่งโรซาเลสของฟรานซิสโค ซีโอนีล โฮเซ Caciquism: The Colonial Dominance of the Philippines in Francisco Sionil Jose’s Rosales Saga
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
บทคัดย่อ
บทความวิจัยชิ้นนี้เป็นการศึกษาวิเคราะห์นวนิยายอิงประวัติศาสตร์ฟิลิปปินส์ชุด มหากาพย์แห่งโรซาเลส ของฟรานซิสโค ซีโอนีล โฮเซ ซึ่งเป็นนักเขียนฟิลิปปินส์ในภาษาอังกฤษแบบหลังอาณานิคม โดยประกอบไปด้วยนวนิยาย 5 เรื่องคือ Po-on, Tree, My Brother, My Executioner, The Pretender และ Mass บทความชิ้นนี้ใช้วิธีการทางประวัติศาสตร์และวรรณคดีวิจารณ์เพื่อชี้ให้เห็นว่า โครงสร้างการครอบงำของกลุ่มชนชั้นนำที่ดำรงอยู่ในการเมืองฟิลิปปินส์ร่วมสมัยนั้นเป็นส่วนต่อเนื่องของอดีตตั้งแต่สมัย อาณานิคมจนถึงหลังอาณานิคมของฟิลิปปินส์ โดยมีพัฒนาการมาจากโครงสร้างความสัมพันธ์แบบอุปถัมภ์ของศาสนจักรในช่วงสมัยอาณานิคมสเปน ซึ่งวางอยู่บนความสัมพันธ์แบบเจ้า-ไพร่อุปถัมภ์ตามระบบศักดินาแบบสเปน จนกระทั่งก่อรูปขึ้นเป็นระบบเจ้าพ่ออุปถัมภ์หรือเจ้าพ่อท้องถิ่นผู้มีอิทธิพลของฟิลิปปินส์ในยุคหลังอาณานิคม นอกจากนั้น ระบบเจ้าพ่ออุปถัมภ์ ในฐานะมรดกของจักรวรรดิยังเป็นเครื่องมือในการสร้างอำนาจและแสวงหาผลประโยชน์ของกลุ่มชนชั้นนำทั้งในระดับท้องถิ่นและระดับชาติของฟิลิปปินส์ ซึ่งถือเป็นโครงสร้างอำนาจการครอบงำของชนชั้นนำคณาธิปไตยที่ดำรงอยู่ในการเมืองฟิลิปปินส์ปัจจุบัน
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Abinales, P. (2003). “Progressive-Machine Conflict in Early-Twentieth-Century U.S. Politics and Colonial-State Building in the
Philippines.” In Go, J., & Foster, A., editors. The American Colonial State in the Philippines. (p. 176). Durham and London: Duke University.
Abinales, P. & Amoroso, D. (2005). State and Society in the Philippines. Lanham: Littlefield Publishers, INC.
Abinales, P. & Quimpo, N. (eds). (2008). The US and the War on Terror in the Philippines. Pasig City: Anvil Publishing, INC.
Agoncillo, T. (1956). The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press.
Agoncillo, T. (1960). Malolos: The Crisis of the Philippines. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press.
Alvarez, S. (1998). The Katipunan and the Revolution: Memories of a General with the Original Tagalog Text, (Paula, M. trans.). Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila Press.
Anderson, B. (1988). Cacique Democracy in the Philippines: Origins and Dreams. New Left Review, 169, 3-33.
Bautista, J. (2010). Figuring Catholicism: An Ethnohistory of the Santo Nino De Cebu. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
Cano, G. (2005). The ‘Spanish Colonial Past’ in the Construction of modern Philippine History: A Critical inquiry into the (mis)use of Spanish Source. PhD Dissertation, National University of Singapore.
Cano, G. (2013). LeRoy’s The Americans in the Philippines and the History of Spanish Rule in Philippines. Philippine Studies, 61 (2), 3-44.
Chamberlin, F. (1913). The Philippine Problem, 1898-1913. Boston: Little, Brown, and Co.
Chibber, V. (2013). Postcolonial Theory and the Specter of Capital. London Verso.
Chirino, P. (2009). History of the Philippine Province of the Society of Jesus, Volume I, (Arcilla, J. trans.). In Jaume, A.,editor. Quezon
City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
Constantino, R. (2011). The Philippines: The Continuing Past. Foundation for Nationalist Studies.
Corpuz, O. (1997). An Economic History of the Philippines. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press
Cullinane, M. (2003). Ilustrado politics: Filipino elite responses to American rule, 1898-1908. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
De Jesus, Ed. (1998). The Tobacco Monopoly in the Philippines Bureaucratic Enterprise and Social Change 1766-1880. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
De la Costa, H. (1961). The Jesuits in the Philippines, 1581-1768. Cambridge: Harvard University.
De la Costa, H. (2017). Selected Homilies and Religion Reflection. In Roberto, P., editor. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press & Philippine Province of the Society of Jesus.
De los Reyes, I. (1890). Historia de Ilocos. Manila.
Escalante, R. (2002). The American Friar Lands Policy: Its Framers, Context, and Beneficiaries, 1898-1916. Manila: De La Salle University Press.
F. Sionil Jose Collection. (n.d.). SFJ0100 Literature and Nation. Manila: De La Salle University Library.
Golay, H. (1998). Face of Empire: United States-Philippine Relations, 1898-1946. Madison, Wisconsin: Center for Southeast Asian Studies,
University of Wisconsin.
Guha, R. (1988). “On Some Aspect of the Historiography of Colonial India”. In R. Guha & G. Spivak (Eds.). Selected Subaltern Studies. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hayden, R. (1945). The Philippines: A Study in National Development. New York: The Macmillan Company.
Ileto, R. (1979). Pasyon and Revolution: Popular Movements in the Philippines, 1840-1910. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
Ileto, R. (2001). Orientalism and the Study of Philippine Politic. Philippine Political Science Journal, 22 (45), 1-32.
Ileto, R. (2014). The Centennial of “Cacique Democracy”: Constructing Politics in a Time of Pacification. Lecture at Adrian Cristobal Lecture, University of the Philippines, Diliman, August 30, 2014. Quezon city: University of the Philippines, Diliman.
Jose, F. S. (2000). The Samsons. New York: The Modern Library.
Jose, F. S. (2010). Poon. Manila: Solidaridad Publishing House.
Jose, F. S. (1999). Don Vicente. New York: The Modern Library.
Karnow, S. (1989). In our Image: America’s Empire in the Philippines. New York: Foreign Policy Association.
Kaut, C. (1969). Utang na Loob: A System of Contractual Obligations amomg the Tagalogs. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 17 (3), 256-272.
King, B. (2008). Politics of technology and economic development: Why the Philippines is an outlier in East Asia. Ph.D. Dissertation,
University of Alberta (Canada).
Lande, C. (1965). Leaders, Factions and Parties: The Structure of the Philippines Politic. New Haven: Yale University.
Lava. J. (2002). Memoirs of a Communist. Pasig: Anvil Publishing.
LeRoy, J. (1905). A Philippine Life in Town and Country. New York and London: G.P. Putnam’s Sons.
Majul, C. A. (1960). Mabini and the Philippine Revolution. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press.
Majul, C. A. (1963). A Critique of Rizal’s Concept of a Filipino Nation. In Leopoldo, Y. editor. Jose Rizal in His Centenary. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press.
May, G. A. (1997). Inventing a Hero: The Posthumous Re-creation of Andres Bonifacio. Wisconsin: Center for Southeast Asian Studies. McCoy, W. A. (1993). An Anarchy of Families: State and Family in the Philippines. Manila: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
McCoy, W. A. (2017). Philippine Populism: Local Violence and Global Context in the Rise of a Filipino Strongman. Surveillance & Society 15 (3/4), 514-522.
McCoy, W. A. & Scarano, A. F. (eds). (2009). Colonial Crucible: Empire in
the Making of the Modern American State. Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press.
Miller, S. (1982). “Benevolent Assimilation”: The American Conquest of the Philippines, 1899-1903. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Palanco, F. (2010). Revolt of 1975: According to Spanish Primary Source. Philippine Studies, 58 (1/2), 45-77.
Paredes, R. (1989). Philippine Colonial Democracy. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
Racto, C. (1965). The Recto Reader: Excerpt from the Speeches of Claro M. Recto. Manila: Recto Memorial Foundation.
Rafael, V. (1988). Contracting Colonialism: Translation and Christian Conversion in Tagalog Society under Early Spanish Rule.
Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila Press.
Rafael, V. (2009). “The Afterlife of Empire: Sovereignty and Revolution in the Philippines.” In McCoy, W. A. & Scarano, A. F. editors. Colonial Crucible: Empire in the Making of the Modern American State (pp. 342-352). Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press.
Rafael, V. (2022). The Sovereign Trickster: Death and Laughter in the Age of Duterte. Durham: Duke University Press.
Rakkan, S. (2018). Philippines Historiography and the Searching for the Destiny of the Nation. [in Thai]. Bangkok: Illumination Edition.
Report of the General Superintendent of Education. (1903). In Reports of the Philippine Commission, Civil Government, etc. of the Philippine, 1901-1903. Washington: government Printing Office.
Report of the Philippine Commission. (1901). In Report of the Philippine Commission, Civil Government, etc. of the PI, 1901-1903 (p. 144). Washington: Government Printing Office.
Report of the Philippine Commission. (1902). In Report of the Philippine Commission, Civil Government, etc. of the PI, 1901-1903 (p. 285). Washington: Government Printing Office.
Reyes, P. (2002). Pantayong Pananaw and Bagong Kasaysayan in the new Filipino Historiography as an History of Ideas. PhD Dissertation,
Universitat Breman.
Roth. D. (1977). The Friar Estates of the Philippines (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
Salazar, Z. (1991). “A Legacy of the Propaganda: The Tripartite View of Philippine History.” In Santillan, N. M. R & Conde, M. P. B. editors.
Kasaysayan at Kamalayan: Mga Pilang Akda ukol sa Diskursong Pangkasaysayan (p. 19-35). Quezon City: Limbagang Pangkasaysayan.
Schumacher, J. N. (1997a). The Propaganda Movement, 1880-1895: The Creation of the Filipino Consciousness, the making of the
Revolution. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
Schumacher, J. N. (1997b). Revolutionary Clergy: The Filipino Clergy and the Nationalist Movement, 1850-1903. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila Press.
Schumacher, J. N. (1999). Burgos: A documentary History with Spanish Documents and Their Translation. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila Press.
Schumacher, J. N. (2011). The Cavite Mutiny Toward a Definitive History. Philippine Studies, 59 (1), 55-81
Simbulan, D. (1965). The Modern Principalia: The Historical Evolution of the Philippine Ruling Oligarchy. PhD Dissertation,
the Australian National University.
Sturtevant, R. (1976). Popular Uprisings in the Philippines, 1840-1940. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
White, H. (1978). Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
Worcester, C. (1914). The Philippines past and present. New York: Macmillan.