Early French Colonial Education in Hanoi, 1904- 19301

บทคัดย่อ

During the early French colonization of Hanoi,
the Vietnamese societies and cultures of this capital
were extremely transformed and evidently assimilated
to the European material and mental cultures,
especially by means of French colonial education. Many
questions have been raised: what are the French
colonial educational policies in Vietnam?; what is the
colonial education in Hanoi?; and how to periodize the
French colonial education in Hanoi? Finally, the
problematic of this study is the following: how did the
French colonial education develop in Hanoi? The study
will chronologically discuss about these three topics:
the domination of the Vietnamese traditional education
before 1904, the French educational reorganization from
1904 to 1917, and implementation of the Charter of
1917 until the impact of the Great Depression in 1930.
The objective of this study is to explore the
development of the French colonial education in Hanoi
from 1904 to 1930. The result of the study is the
followings. Firstly, the French colonial education in
Hanoi during 1904-1930 is an essential period which
completely changes Sino-Vietnamese to European
worldviews both in Hanoi and in Vietnam. Secondly, the
essential operation of French colonial education may be
arbitrarily divided into 2 phases: the first phase of 1904-
1917 in which the French ideas of republic and colonial
education were applied, and the second phase of 1917-
1930 where the Charter of 1917 was implemented
throughout Hanoi. In conclusion, the French colonial
education was well established in Hanoi because of her
position of centre of colonial administration and culture.
The French colonial education may be seen as the
instrument of French cultural colonization which is more
effective and less expensive comparing to force
operations. The impact of this French acculturation
period will be last long until now and becomes one of
important components of Vietnamese culture
complex’s today.