THE GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE PARTICIPATIVE LEADERSHIP BASED ON FOUR GHARAVASA-DHAMMAS OF THE SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS IN SAMAKKHITHAM SCHOOL GROUP UNDER THE OFFICE OF PHRA NAKHON SRI AYUTTHAYA PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA 2

Abstract

This research aimed 1) to study the participatory leadership of school administrators in the Samakkhitham group, 2) to study the method of developing participatory leadership according to the 4 lay virtues, and 3) to propose a guideline for developing participatory leadership according to the 4 lay virtues. The research was conducted using a mixed-method method: 1) quantitative research using a questionnaire survey of the population consisting of 113 school administrators and teachers in the Samakkhitham group, data were analyzed using basic statistics including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, and 2) qualitative research by interviewing 5 key informants, data were analyzed using content analysis. The research results showed that 1) the overall level of participatory leadership of school administrators in the Samakkhitham group was at the highest level of practice and was at the highest level in all 4 aspects. 2) The method of developing participatory leadership according to the 4 lay virtues was an integration of 4 aspects of participatory leadership, namely, joint analysis of work methods, joint management planning, joint development of the educational institution, and joint supervision, monitoring and evaluation with the four lay principles, namely (1) Sacca: truth, (2) Dama: practice, (3) Khanti: perseverance, (4) Cga: sacrifice as a guideline for educational institution administrators to apply in their administration of educational institutions, and 3) the guideline for developing leadership with participation according to the four lay principles, consisting of (1) developing leadership with participation in analyzing work methods, namely, administrators were open to listening to opinions sincerely, practicing problem-solving skills, and setting plans with sacrifice, (2) developing leadership with participation in planning administration, namely, administrators were good role models with honesty and integrity, and organizing learning systems effectively, (3) developing leadership with participation in developing educational institutions, namely, administrators were open to listening to opinions, practicing questioning skills, and developing educational institutions with sacrifice, (4) developing leadership with participation in supervision, monitoring, and evaluation, namely, administrators monitor and evaluate personnel development, set clear indicators, endure the difficulties of data collection, and sacrifice personal happiness.