From Critiquing Intractable Conflicts to Deconstructing the International Peace Architecture: Oliver P. Richmond and the Development of Knowledge in Peace Studies
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Abstract
This article examines the production of critical peace knowledge through the selected works of Oliver P. Richmond from 1998 to 2024. It explores the development of paradigms and critical peace knowledge, identifying four phases that correspond to the emergence of new forms of conflict and lessons drawn from the successes and failures of peace processes. These phases include: (1) the phase challenging state-centric approaches to peace studies (1998–2003); (2) the phase emphasizing the significance of communities and individuals (2004–2010); (3) the phase focusing on hybrid peace and everyday peace (2011–2019); and (4) the phase critiquing international peace architecture discourses and counter-peace (2020–2024). Drawing on over three decades of critical peace knowledge, Critical Peace Studies introduce a new proposition to the peace knowledge framework that transcends the roles of states and international organizations. It also presents diverse and feasible approaches to constructing knowledge about peace. Critical peace, therefore, has not remained a secondary paradigm but has emerged as a transformative framework with significant influence on state security policies, the operations of international organizations, and local communities in modern society since the late 1990s. Nevertheless, the diversity of peace continues to face challenges in breaking free from the framework of Western-centric thought, which closely associates peace with democracy, human rights, liberalism, and globalization. This issue becomes particularly significant when the concept of peace is applied in non-Western contexts.
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