Lessons We Can Learn from Government and Accounting Relief Measures during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Study

Authors

  • Nattapan Tantikul Faculty of Management Science, Suan Dusit University, Thailand
  • Wanvitu Soranarak Faculty of Management Science, Suan Dusit University, Thailand

Keywords:

COVID-19 Pandemic, Government relief measures, Accounting relief measures, Accounting considerations

Abstract

Governments around the world always face extreme uncertainty and unprecedented challenges. Food insecurity, climate change, and child labor and trafficking are among the top crises in the modern world. However, nowadays, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic is considered as the newest global crisis and the greatest challenge we have confronted since World War II. To alleviate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic, most governments have approved several kinds of government relief measures and stimulus packages that might be different, but appropriate for epidemiological and economic situations among countries. Furthermore, to support the government policies towards business in response to COVID-19, many accounting organizations around the world also provided some recommendations and guidance such as on government grants, for both financial statement preparers and users during the time of the crisis. In addition, in some countries such as Thailand, there were some accounting relief measures to help lessen the negative impacts of any management’s unreasonable judgement and unreliable estimates during the time of high uncertainty. It is undeniable that the COVID-19 shapes our modern history, and it is important and valuable lesson that we can learn from the past. Because government and accounting relief measures might have both benefits and potential drawbacks that we must compromise, learning from the COVID-19 crisis we are facing today will help us better understand how the relief measures work now, and it might help us determine how to approach any crisis prudently and effectively in the future.

References

Bank of Thailand. (2020). Government relief measures to alleviate the impacts of COVID-19. Retrieved January 7, 2022, from https://www.bot.or.th/English/MonetaryPolicy/MonetPolicyComittee/MPR/BOX_MRP/BOX1_MPRMarch2020_COVID19.pdf

Bank of Thailand. (2021). Financial Rehabilitation Measures to Support Business. Retrieved January 7, 2022, from https://www.bot.or.th/broadcast/20210323-MediaB.mp4

Buchetti, B., Parbonetti, A., & Pugliese, A. (2021). Covid-19, corporate survival and public policy: The role of accounting information and regulation in the wake of a systemic crisis. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278425421001022

Bungkilo, D., & Tulardilok, T. (2021). Determinants of Adoption of Accounting Temporary Relief Measures of Thai Listed Companies affected by the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Accounting Profession, 17(56), 5-28.

Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited. (2021). IFRS in Focus: Accounting considerations related to COVID-19. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://www2.deloitte.com/mt/en/pages/audit/articles/mt-ifrs-infocus-covid-19-accounting-considerations.html

Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited. (2021). IASB extends practical relief regarding COVID-19-related rent concessions. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://www.iasplus.com/en/news/2021/03/ifrs-16

Ernst & Young Global Limited. (2021). Accounting considerations of the coronavirus pandemic. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://www.ey.com/en_gl/ifrs-technicalresources/accounting-considerations-of-the-coronaviruspandemic-updated-april-2021

Eurofound. (2021). Short-time working allowances (Ordinary Wages Guarantee Fund – CIGO –, and Extraordinary Wages Guarantee Fund – CIGS –, Derogatory Wages Guarantee Fund - CID -, solidarity contracts, solidarity funds). European Monitoring Centre on Changes. Retrieved January 30, 2022, from https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/it/observatories/emcc/erm/supportinstrument/short-time-allowances-ordinary-wagesguarantee-fund-cigo-and-extraordinary-wages-guarantee-fund-cigs

Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore (IRAS). (2021). Government Schemes. Retrieved January 30, 2022, from https://www.iras.gov.sg/schemes

Institute of Indonesia Chartered Accountants. (2020). Press release-Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the implication of PSAK 8 Events after the reporting period and PSAK 71 Financial Instruments. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from http://iaiglobal.or.id/v03/berita-kegiatan/detailberita-1231-press-release-%E2%80%93-dampak-pandemi-covid19-terhadap-penerapanpsak-8-peristiwa-setelah-periode-pelaporan-dan-psak-71-instrumen-keuangan

Institute of Indonesia Chartered Accountants. (2020). Press release-Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the implementation of PSAK 68 Fair Value Measurement. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from http://iaiglobal.or.id/v03/berita-kegiatan/detailberita-1235-pressrelease-%E2%80%93-dampak-pandemi-covid19-terhadap-penerapan-psak-68-pengukuran-nilai-wajar

Institute of Indonesia Chartered Accountants. (2020). Approval of the Exposure Draft (DE) amendment to PSAK 73 Renting-Rent Concessions related to COVID-19 after June 30, 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from http://iaiglobal.or.id/v03/berita-kegiatan/detailberita-1272=pengesahan-draf-eksposur-de-amendemenpsak-73-sewa-%E2%80%93-konsesi-sewa-terkait-covid19

Institute of Indonesia Chartered Accountants. (2020). Regular Tax Discussion KAPJ IAI-Impact of COVID-19 on PSAK 8 and PSAK 71. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from http://iaiglobal.or.id/v03/berita-kegiatan/detail berita-1251-regular-tax-discussion-kapj-iai--dampakcovid19-atas-psak-8-dan-psak-71

Institute of Indonesia Chartered Accountants. (2020). Press release-Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the implementation of ISAK 102 Decrease value of Murabahah receivables. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from http://iaiglobal.or.id/v03/berita-kegiatan/detailberita-1248-press-release-%E2%80%93-dampak-pandemi-covid19-terhadap-penerapan-isak-102-penurunannilai-piutang-murabahah

Institute of Singapore Chartered Accountants (ISCA). (2020). FRB 2: Accounting implications arising from COVID-19 for entities with 31 December 2019 financial reporting date. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://isca.org.sg/docs/default-source/defaultdocument-library/tech/frb-2-on-accounting-implica tions-arising-from-covid-19-final.pdf

Institute of Singapore Chartered Accountants (ISCA). (2020). FRB 5: COVID-19 Government Relief Measures: Accounting for Singapore property tax rebate from the perspective of the landlord and the tenant. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://isca.org.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/tech/frb-5-acctg-for-sg-property-tax-rebate-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=76cbeeb7_0

Institute of Singapore Chartered Accountants (ISCA). (2020). FRB 6: COVID-19 Government Relief Measures: Accounting for the grant provided by the Singapore Government for wages paid to local employees under the Jobs Support Scheme.Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://isca.org.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/tech/frb-6-acctg-for-jssgrant.pdf?sfvrsn=af071835_0

Institute of Singapore Chartered Accountants (ISCA). (2020). FRB 6 (Revised): COVID-19 Government Relief Measures: Accounting for the grant provided by the Singapore Government for wages paid to local employees under the Jobs Support Scheme. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://isca.org.sg/docs/defaultsource/default-document-library/tech/frb-6-revisedacctg-for-jss-grant-15-july.pdf?sfvrsn=f2c88182_0

Institute of Singapore Chartered Accountants (ISCA). (2020). FRB 6 (Revised Sep 2020): COVID-19 Government Relief Measures: Accounting for the grant provided by the Singapore Government for wages paid to local employees under the Jobs Support Scheme. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://isca.org.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/tech/frb-6-revised-sep-2020-acctg-for-jss-grant.pdf?sfvrsn=bba310b5_0

Institute of Singapore Chartered Accountants (ISCA). (2020). FRB 7: COVID-19 Government Relief Measures: Accounting for Rental Relief Framework for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and Non-Profit organizations (NPOs) from the perspective of the landlord and the tenant. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://isca.org.sg/docs/default-source/defaultdocument-library/tech/frb-7-sme-rental-relief-framework-final.pdf?sfvrsn=c9168bfa_2

Institute of Singapore Chartered Accountants (ISCA). (2020). FRB 8: COVID-19 Government Relief Measures: Accounting for Foreign Worker Levy Waiver & Rebate. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://isca.org.sg/docs/default-source/fr-frb/frb-8---acctg-forfwl-waiver-rebate-(final).pdf?sfvrsn=559e384a_2

International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). (2021). Summary of COVID-19 Financial Reporting Considerations. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://www.ifac.org/knowledge-gateway/supportinginternational-standards/discussion/summarycovid-19-financial-reporting-considerations

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Foundation. (2021). IASB extends support for lessees accounting for covid-19-related rent concessions. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://www.ifrs.org/newsand-events/news/2021/03/iasb-extends-supportcovid-19-related-rent-concessions/

International Labor Organization (ILO). (2020). Country policy responses: Indonesia. Retrieved January 30, 2022, from https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/---ilo-jakarta/documents/publication/wcms_758644.pdf

International Monetary Fund. (2020). April 2020: The Great Lockdown. World Economic Outlook. Retrieved January 30, 2022, from https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2020/04/14/weo-april-2020

International Organization of Securities Commissions. (2021). IOSCO Statement on Importance of Disclosure about COVID-19. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://www.iosco.org/library/pubdocs/pdf/ IOSCOPD655.pdf KPMG International Limited. (2021). COVID-19 Financial Reporting. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2020/03/covid-19- financial-reporting-resource-centre.html

KPMG International Limited. (2021). COVID-19 Financial Reporting. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2020/03/covid-19-financial-reporting-resource-centre.html

Malaysia Accounting Standards Board (MASB). (2020). MFRS 9 Financial Instruments: Expected Credit Loss Considerations. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://www.masb.org.my/pdf.php?pdf=MFRS9_ECL_COVID19_25Mar.pdf&file_path=pdf_file

Malaysia Accounting Standards Board (MASB). (2020). Q&A requirements in MFRS that Malaysian reporting entities may need to consider in respect of the impacts of COVID-19. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://www.masb.org.my/pdf.php?pdf=QandA_COVID_19_impacts_v4website.pdf&file_path=pdf_file

Malaysia Accounting Standards Board (MASB). (2020). Recognition of Revenue from Sale of Residential Property upon enactment of COVID-19 Bill 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://www.masb.org.my/pdf.php?pdf=Recognition%20of%20Revenue%20from%20Sale%20of%20Residential%20Property%20upon%20enactment%20of%20Covid19%20Bill%202020.pdf&file_path=pdf_file

Malaysia Accounting Standards Board (MASB). (2020). Accounting for covid-19-related rent concessions applying IFRS 16 Leases. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://www.ifrs.org/content/dam/ifrs/supporting-implementation/ifrs-16/ifrs-16-rentconcession-educational-material.pdf

Marchesi, A. (2021). The Revaluation Decision for Fixed Assets After the Covid-19 Crisis: The Italian Case. Strategies in Accounting and Management. Retrieved January 10, 2022, from https://crimsonpublishers.com/siam/pdf/SIAM.000543.pdf

Ministero dell’Economia e della Finanze. (2020). The Main Fiscal Measures Adopted by the Italian Government. Retrieved January 30, 2022, from https://www.mef.gov.it/en/covid-19/The-main-fiscal-measures-adoptedby-the-Italian-Government/

Moscariello, N., & Pizzo, M. (2022). Practical expedients and theoretical flaws: the IASB’s legitimacy strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 35(1), 158-168.

Narayan, P.K., (2021). COVID-19 research outcomes: An agenda for future research. Economic Analysis and Policy, 71(2021), 439-445.

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development: OECD. (2020). Job retention schemes during the COVID-19 lockdown and beyond. Retrieved January 7, 2022, from https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/job-retention-schemes-during-the-covid-19-lockdown-and-beyond-0853ba1d/

Padhan, R., & Prabheesh, K.P., (2021). The economics of COVID-19 pandemic: A survey. Economic Analysis and Policy, 70(2021), 220-237.

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. (2021). COVID-19 Accounting implications. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/services/audit-assurance/ifrs-reporting/accounting-implication-coronavirus.html

Prime Minister’s Office of Malaysia. (2020). Benefits of Government Initiatives. Retrieved January 30, 2022, from https://www.pmo.gov.my/2020/08/benefitsof-government-initiatives/

Teixeira, A. (2021). Accounting for lease-lessons from COVID-19. Pacific Accounting Review, 33(2), 238-245.

Thailand Federation of Accounting Professions (TFAC). (2020). Explanation on the adoption of Thai Financial Reporting Standards after the end of the accounting guidance on temporary relief measures for additional accounting options to support companies affected by coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19). Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://www.tfac.or.th/upload/9414/MTEzD7L5j0.pdf

Thailand Federation of Accounting Professions (TFAC). (2020). Examples of understanding in the accounting guidance on temporary relief measures for the additional accounting options to support companies affected by coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19). Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://acpro-std.tfac.or.th/uploads/files/IE_Covid19.pdf

Thailand Federation of Accounting Professions (TFAC). (2020). The announcement by Thailand Federation of Accounting Professions (No. 17/2020) of the accounting guidance on temporary relief measures for entities (lenders) who assist receivables (debtors) affected by economic situations in Thailand. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://www.tfac.or.th/upload/9414/WBa6GdL GKx.PDF

Thailand Federation of Accounting Professions (TFAC). (2020). Covid-19-Related Rent Concessions. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://acpro-std.tfac.or.th/uploads/files/EweBgu9qCv.pdf

World Health Organization. (2020). WHO Timeline-COVID-19. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://www.who.int/news/item/27-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19

World Health Organization. (2022). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. Retrieved January 11, 2022, from https://covid19.who.int/

Downloads

Published

2023-05-09

How to Cite

Tantikul, N., & Soranarak, W. (2023). Lessons We Can Learn from Government and Accounting Relief Measures during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Study. Journal of Multidisciplinary in Social Sciences, 19(1), 84–98. Retrieved from https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/sduhs/article/view/268346

Issue

Section

Review Articles