รูปแบบการพัฒนาคุณลักษณะที่เหมาะสมต่อการได้รับการจ้างงานสาขาการท่องเที่ยว

Abstract

This research aims to study the current situations and trends of human resources in tourism both in Thailand and other countries, analyze and assess the trend of desirable attributes for tourism professionals, and propose a tourism employability attribute development model for undergraduate students. Employability framework and Career EDGE model (Dacre Pool and Sewell, 2007) are used in conducting the component analysis of employability attribute for tourism. Data for the research are collected from the following sample groups: (1) 5 tourism experts who are responsible for tourism policy and planning; (2) 9 university executives who are responsible for employability development of students especially in tourism; (3) 20 entrepreneurs of authorized travel agencies; (4) 413 tourism professionals who are working with travel agencies; and (5) 15 specialists who are administrators and experts in the tourism attribute development for university students and new graduates. Data analysis and learning need analysis are done in the first part of this student, and later statistical analysis using frequency, percentage, means, and standard deviation are applied to define key components of employability attributes. The research results are as follows: 1.The current situations and trends of human resources in tourism: Factors, affecting the competitiveness of Thailand tourism industry the most, are the liberalization of trade and services and the free movement of labor within ASEAN region as a result from ASEAN Economic Community. On one hand, the positive effects are the increase of local labor employment, the need for Thai labors to develop and improve their skills, and the possibility of increasing wage rate. On the other hands, the negative effects are the outflow of local skilled labors, the massive inflow of immigrant labors, and the comparative disadvantage of Thai labor regarding English skills and proficiency. 2. Desirable attribute of tourism graduate: According to the opinion of tourism experts, there are 9 attributes that are important for tourism graduate which are (a) ASEAN knowledge (b) Emotions and anger management skills (c) Time management (d) English skills (e) Knowledge of tourist destinations (f) Systematic and logical thinking (g) Strategic working (h) Stress tolerant and (i) Responsibility taking for mistakes in work. 3. Graduates’ employability attribute for tourism professionals: There are 4 key components (WISE Model) which are (a) Working characteristics: W (b) Individual quality: I (c) Skills for working: S and (d) Educated personality: E (Component mean value 4.28, 4.18, 4.10, and 4.05 accordingly) 4. Graduates’ employability attribute development model for tourism professionals: There are (a) 4 components of WISE Model (b) Attribute development strategies (c) Learning arrangements according to the Learning ladder and (d) Learning assessments using the Personal Attribute Development Profiles (PAD Profiles)

Keywords : Employability, Employability Attribute, Attribute Development Model, Tourism