บทบาทของความสุขของพนักงานในการส่งผ่านอิทธิพลของรูปแบบ ของผู้นำไปยังผลการปฏิบัติงานของพนักงาน: การวิเคราะห์ด้วยโมเดลสมการโครงสร้าง
Keywords:
Happiness in the workplace, Leadership Style, PerformanceAbstract
Happiness in the workplace has become a globally discussed issue during this
decade. Happiness is a preferred state of mind and is good for lives. Unfortunately,
empirical study relating to the phenomenon is still sparse. This research project aims to
investigate the relationship between Leadership styles and Worker’s Performance
mediated by Happiness. Leadership styles are categorized based on Blake and Mouton’s
leadership grid. Data were Collected from workers in private organizations in Bangkok’s
Central Business District. Five hundred and ninety five sets of usable questionnaire were
returned. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) statistical technique is utilized to analyze the
relationships in the model. The data analysis reveals that Happiness mediates the
relationship between Leadership Style and Worker’s Performance. Data confirm that all
relationships are mediated by Happiness. Task Management, Country Club, and Team
Management Leadership Styles do not have direct relationship with worker’s performance.
Only Impoverish Leadership Style has both direct and indirect influences on workers’
performance, however, the influence mediated by happiness is stronger. In addition,
Impoverish style has a negative influence upon happiness. Middle-of-the-Road style does
not influence happiness.
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Baird, K. (2017). The effectiveness of strategic performance measurement systems.
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Baloch, Q. B. (2008). Effects of job satisfaction on employees motivation & turnover
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managerial applications. New York, NY: Free Press.
Bass, B. M. & Bass, R. (2008). The Bass handbook of leadership: Theory, research,
& managerial applications (4th ed.). NY: Free Press.
Bateman, T. & Snell, S. (2016). Management: Leading & collaborating in a competitive
world (12th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significant tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of
covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606.
Bierhoff, H. W., & Muller, G. F. (2005). Leadership, mood, atmosphere, and cooperative
support in project groups. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 20(6), 483 – 497.
Biswas, S., & Varma, A. (2011). Antecedents of employee performance: an empirical
investigation in India. Employee Relations, 34(2), 177 – 192.
Blake, R. & Mouton, J. (1985). The Managerial Grid III: The key to leadership excellence.
Houston: Gulf Publishing.
Bono, J. E. & Ilies, R. (2006). Charisma, positive emotions and mood contagion.
The Leadership Quarterly, 17(4), 317-337.
Boundless (2016) Leadership model: The Ohio State University. Boundless Management.
https://www.boundless.com/management/ textbooks/boundless-managementtextbook/
leadership-9/behavioral-approach-70/leadership-model-the-ohio-stateuniversity-
350-3483/
Carton, R. B. (2004). Measuring organizational performance: An exploratory study.
(Doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia). from https://getd.libs.uga.edu/pdfs/
carton_robert_b_200405_phd.pdf
Chen, A. S. Y., Bian, M. D., & Hou, Y. H. (2015). Impact of transformational leadership on
subordinate’s EI and work performance. Personnel Review, 44(4), 438 – 453.
Culpan, R. (1989). Leadership styles and human resource management: A content analysis
of popular management writings, Management Decision, 27(4), 10-16.
Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2009). Subjective well-being – The science of happiness
and life satisfaction. In C. R. Snyder and Shane J. Lopez (Eds.), Oxford handbook
of positive psychology (pp. 187-194). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2015). National accounts of subjective well-being.
American Psychologist, 70(3), 234-242.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being:
Three decades of progress, Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276-302.
Gadot, E. V. (2007). Leadership style, organizational politics, and employees’ performance:
An empirical examination of two competing models. Personnel Review, 36(5),
661 – 683.
Garg, S., & Shilpa, J. (2013). Mapping leadership styles of public and private sector leaders
using Blake and Mouton leadership model. Dirshtikon: A Management Journal,
4(1), 48-64.
Gilvania, F. R., Montazeri, R., Habibi, M., & Kazemian, M. (2014). Designing a model to Iranian
prosperous organization managerial grid. Kuwait Chapter of the Arabian Journal
of Business and Management Review, 4(1), 125.133.
Ho, R. (2013). Handbook of univariate and multivariate data analysis with IBM SPSS
(2nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Hofstede, G. & Hofstede, G. J. (2010). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind
(3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines
for determining model fit. The Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods,
6(1), 53 – 60.
House, R. J., & Dressler, G. (1974). The path-goal theory of leadership: Some post hoc and
a priori tests. In J. G. Hunt and L. L. Larson (Eds.), Contingency approaches to
leadership. Cardondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis:
Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling,
6, 1-55.
Huang, H. (2016). Workplace happiness: Organizational role and the reliability of
self-reporting. (Master of Science Thesis, University of Maryland). Retrieved from
http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/18191
Jeffrey, K., Abdallah, S., & Michaelson, J. (2014). Well-being at work. Retrieved from http://
www.neweconomics.org/publications/entry/well-being-at-work
Jöreskog, K., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural Equation Modeling with the SIMPLIS
command language. Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International Inc.
Kaplan, R. S. (2010). Conceptual foundations of the balanced scorecard. (Working Paper
No. 10-074).Retrieved from Harvard Business School, Harvard University http://
www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/10-074.pdf
Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (2003). Strategy maps. Boston: HBS Press
Kenny, D. A. (2015). Measuring model fit. Retrieved from http://davidakenny.net/cm/fit.htm
Komin, S. (1991). Psychology of the Thai people: Values and behavioral patterns. Bangkok:
National Institute of Development Administration.
Kreitner, R. & Kinicki, A. (2013). Organizational behavior (10th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-
Hill/Irwin.
Layard, R. (2005). Happiness. New York: Penguin Press.
Lyubomirsky, S., Sheldon, K. M., & Schkade, D. (2005). Pursuing happiness: The architecture
of sustainable change. Review of General Psychology, 9(2), 111-131.
Mastrangelo, A., Eddy, E. R., Lorenzet, S. J. (2014). The relationship between enduring
leadership and organizational performance. Leadership & Organization
Development Journal, 35(7), 590 – 604.
Moss, S. A. (2016). Fit indices for structural equation modeling. Retrieved from http://
www.sicotests.com/psyarticle.asp?id=277
Montague, S. (1999). Focusing on inputs, outputs and outcomes: Are the international
approaches to performance management so different?. Performance
Management Network Inc. Retrieved from http://www.pmn.net/wp-content/
uploads/Focusing-on-Inputs-Outputs-and-Outcomes.pdf
Newsom, J. T. (2017). Some clarifications and recommendations on fit indices. Retrieved
from http://web.pdx.edu/~newsomj/semclass/ho_fit.pdf
Northouse, P. G. (2015). Leadership: Theory and practice (7th ed.). New York, NY: SAGE.
Peter, G., Marcela, T., & Jaroslav, G. (2016). Leadership style model based on managerial
grid. Actual Problems in Economics, 4(178), 246-252.
Pheng, L. S., & Lee, B. S. K. (1997). “Managerial grid” and Zhuge Liang’s “art of
management”: Integration for effective project management. Management
Decision, 35(5), 382-391.
Revesencio, J. (2015). Why happy employees are 12% more productive. Retrieved from
https://www.fastcompany.com/3048751/the-future-of-work/happy-employeesare-
12-more-productive-at-work
Robbins, S. P. & Coulter, M. A. (2013). Management (12th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson
Education.
Rogers, J. R. (2012). The meaning of “the pursuit of happiness”. Retrieved from https://
www.firstthings.com/web-exclusives/2012/06/the-meaning-of-the-pursuit-of
happiness
Ross, S. M. (2016). Michigan model of leadership. Retrieved from http://michiganross.
umich.edu/sanger/michigan-model-leadership
Schulz, R., Girard, C., Harrison, S. R., & Sims, A. C. P. (1991). Perceived autonomy and work
satisfaction amongst psychiatrists in the NHS, Journal of Management in
Medicine, 5(2), 53-64.
Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner’s guide to structural equation
modeling (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Stogdill, R. M. (1974). Handbook of leadership: A survey of theory and research. New York,
NY: Free Press.
Sustainable Development Solutions Network. (2016). World happiness report: Overview.
Retrieved from http://www.worldhappiness.report
Tanchaisak, K. (2005). Emotional intelligence for employees’ motivation, AU Journal of
Management, 3(2), 30-38.
Tanchaisak, K. (2005b). An examination of the psychological contract in Thailand,
AU Journal of Management, 3(1), 31-40.
Tanchaisak, K. (2006). The transformational leaders’ dimensions and newcomers’
organizational socialization process, AU Journal of Management, 4(1), 17-25.
Tanchaisak, K. (2009). The perceived effectiveness of bureaucratic human resources
development interventions among community colleges in Thailand, A paper
presented at The Asian Conference on Education 2009, Osaka, Japan, 22-26
October 2009. Osaka: The International Academic Forum.
Tanchaisak, K. (2009b). The relationship between leadership style and entry level
employees’ commitment to organizations, AU Journal of Management, 7(2),
45-55.
Tanchaisak, K. (2009c). The association between affective organizational commitment
components and leadership style, A paper presented at The 9th Annual SEAAIR
Conference, Penang, Malaysia, 12-15 October 2009. Penang: Malaysia, Universiti
Sains Malaysia.
The Centre for Bhutan Studies & GNH Research. (2017). Good governance and gross
national happiness. Retrieved from http://www.grossnationalhappiness.com/
9-domains/good-governance-and-gross-national-happiness/
The Only Thing Unchanged is Change. (2007). Assess whole SEM model – Chi square and
fit index. Retrieved from http://zencaroline.blogspot.com /2007/04/global-modelfit.
html
Warr, P., & Clapperton, G. (2009). The joy of work?: Jobs, happiness, and you. Oxford,
UK: Routledge.
Weiss, H. M. (2002). Deconstructing job satisfaction: Separating evaluations, beliefs and
affective experiences. Human Resource Management Review, 12, 173-194.
Wheaton, B., Muthen, B., Alwin, D., F., & Summers, G. (1977). Assessing reliability and
stability in panel models. Sociological Methodology, 8(1), 84-136.
Wright, T. A., & Cropanzano, R. (2007). The happy/productive worker thesis revisited.
In Joseph J. Martocchio (ed.), Research in personnel and human resources
management (research in personnel and human resources management,
volume 26). pp. 269-307. Emerald Group Publishing
Yukl, G. A. (2012). Leadership in organizations (8th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson.
2013, from https://www.happinessatworksurvey.com /assets/ sample_report.pdf
Addady, M. (2015). Study: Being happy at work really makes you more productive. Fortune.
Retrieved from http://fortune.com/2015/10/29/happy-productivity-work
Andrew, J. D. (2015). Leadership: Research findings, practice, and skills (8th ed.). New York,
NY: South-Western College.
Baird, K. (2017). The effectiveness of strategic performance measurement systems.
International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 66(1), 3-21
Baloch, Q. B. (2008). Effects of job satisfaction on employees motivation & turnover
intentions. Journal of Managerial Science, 2(1). 1-21.
Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass and Stogdill’s handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and
managerial applications. New York, NY: Free Press.
Bass, B. M. & Bass, R. (2008). The Bass handbook of leadership: Theory, research,
& managerial applications (4th ed.). NY: Free Press.
Bateman, T. & Snell, S. (2016). Management: Leading & collaborating in a competitive
world (12th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significant tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of
covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606.
Bierhoff, H. W., & Muller, G. F. (2005). Leadership, mood, atmosphere, and cooperative
support in project groups. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 20(6), 483 – 497.
Biswas, S., & Varma, A. (2011). Antecedents of employee performance: an empirical
investigation in India. Employee Relations, 34(2), 177 – 192.
Blake, R. & Mouton, J. (1985). The Managerial Grid III: The key to leadership excellence.
Houston: Gulf Publishing.
Bono, J. E. & Ilies, R. (2006). Charisma, positive emotions and mood contagion.
The Leadership Quarterly, 17(4), 317-337.
Boundless (2016) Leadership model: The Ohio State University. Boundless Management.
https://www.boundless.com/management/ textbooks/boundless-managementtextbook/
leadership-9/behavioral-approach-70/leadership-model-the-ohio-stateuniversity-
350-3483/
Carton, R. B. (2004). Measuring organizational performance: An exploratory study.
(Doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia). from https://getd.libs.uga.edu/pdfs/
carton_robert_b_200405_phd.pdf
Chen, A. S. Y., Bian, M. D., & Hou, Y. H. (2015). Impact of transformational leadership on
subordinate’s EI and work performance. Personnel Review, 44(4), 438 – 453.
Culpan, R. (1989). Leadership styles and human resource management: A content analysis
of popular management writings, Management Decision, 27(4), 10-16.
Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2009). Subjective well-being – The science of happiness
and life satisfaction. In C. R. Snyder and Shane J. Lopez (Eds.), Oxford handbook
of positive psychology (pp. 187-194). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2015). National accounts of subjective well-being.
American Psychologist, 70(3), 234-242.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being:
Three decades of progress, Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276-302.
Gadot, E. V. (2007). Leadership style, organizational politics, and employees’ performance:
An empirical examination of two competing models. Personnel Review, 36(5),
661 – 683.
Garg, S., & Shilpa, J. (2013). Mapping leadership styles of public and private sector leaders
using Blake and Mouton leadership model. Dirshtikon: A Management Journal,
4(1), 48-64.
Gilvania, F. R., Montazeri, R., Habibi, M., & Kazemian, M. (2014). Designing a model to Iranian
prosperous organization managerial grid. Kuwait Chapter of the Arabian Journal
of Business and Management Review, 4(1), 125.133.
Ho, R. (2013). Handbook of univariate and multivariate data analysis with IBM SPSS
(2nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Hofstede, G. & Hofstede, G. J. (2010). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind
(3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines
for determining model fit. The Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods,
6(1), 53 – 60.
House, R. J., & Dressler, G. (1974). The path-goal theory of leadership: Some post hoc and
a priori tests. In J. G. Hunt and L. L. Larson (Eds.), Contingency approaches to
leadership. Cardondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis:
Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling,
6, 1-55.
Huang, H. (2016). Workplace happiness: Organizational role and the reliability of
self-reporting. (Master of Science Thesis, University of Maryland). Retrieved from
http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/18191
Jeffrey, K., Abdallah, S., & Michaelson, J. (2014). Well-being at work. Retrieved from http://
www.neweconomics.org/publications/entry/well-being-at-work
Jöreskog, K., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural Equation Modeling with the SIMPLIS
command language. Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International Inc.
Kaplan, R. S. (2010). Conceptual foundations of the balanced scorecard. (Working Paper
No. 10-074).Retrieved from Harvard Business School, Harvard University http://
www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/10-074.pdf
Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (2003). Strategy maps. Boston: HBS Press
Kenny, D. A. (2015). Measuring model fit. Retrieved from http://davidakenny.net/cm/fit.htm
Komin, S. (1991). Psychology of the Thai people: Values and behavioral patterns. Bangkok:
National Institute of Development Administration.
Kreitner, R. & Kinicki, A. (2013). Organizational behavior (10th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-
Hill/Irwin.
Layard, R. (2005). Happiness. New York: Penguin Press.
Lyubomirsky, S., Sheldon, K. M., & Schkade, D. (2005). Pursuing happiness: The architecture
of sustainable change. Review of General Psychology, 9(2), 111-131.
Mastrangelo, A., Eddy, E. R., Lorenzet, S. J. (2014). The relationship between enduring
leadership and organizational performance. Leadership & Organization
Development Journal, 35(7), 590 – 604.
Moss, S. A. (2016). Fit indices for structural equation modeling. Retrieved from http://
www.sicotests.com/psyarticle.asp?id=277
Montague, S. (1999). Focusing on inputs, outputs and outcomes: Are the international
approaches to performance management so different?. Performance
Management Network Inc. Retrieved from http://www.pmn.net/wp-content/
uploads/Focusing-on-Inputs-Outputs-and-Outcomes.pdf
Newsom, J. T. (2017). Some clarifications and recommendations on fit indices. Retrieved
from http://web.pdx.edu/~newsomj/semclass/ho_fit.pdf
Northouse, P. G. (2015). Leadership: Theory and practice (7th ed.). New York, NY: SAGE.
Peter, G., Marcela, T., & Jaroslav, G. (2016). Leadership style model based on managerial
grid. Actual Problems in Economics, 4(178), 246-252.
Pheng, L. S., & Lee, B. S. K. (1997). “Managerial grid” and Zhuge Liang’s “art of
management”: Integration for effective project management. Management
Decision, 35(5), 382-391.
Revesencio, J. (2015). Why happy employees are 12% more productive. Retrieved from
https://www.fastcompany.com/3048751/the-future-of-work/happy-employeesare-
12-more-productive-at-work
Robbins, S. P. & Coulter, M. A. (2013). Management (12th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson
Education.
Rogers, J. R. (2012). The meaning of “the pursuit of happiness”. Retrieved from https://
www.firstthings.com/web-exclusives/2012/06/the-meaning-of-the-pursuit-of
happiness
Ross, S. M. (2016). Michigan model of leadership. Retrieved from http://michiganross.
umich.edu/sanger/michigan-model-leadership
Schulz, R., Girard, C., Harrison, S. R., & Sims, A. C. P. (1991). Perceived autonomy and work
satisfaction amongst psychiatrists in the NHS, Journal of Management in
Medicine, 5(2), 53-64.
Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner’s guide to structural equation
modeling (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Stogdill, R. M. (1974). Handbook of leadership: A survey of theory and research. New York,
NY: Free Press.
Sustainable Development Solutions Network. (2016). World happiness report: Overview.
Retrieved from http://www.worldhappiness.report
Tanchaisak, K. (2005). Emotional intelligence for employees’ motivation, AU Journal of
Management, 3(2), 30-38.
Tanchaisak, K. (2005b). An examination of the psychological contract in Thailand,
AU Journal of Management, 3(1), 31-40.
Tanchaisak, K. (2006). The transformational leaders’ dimensions and newcomers’
organizational socialization process, AU Journal of Management, 4(1), 17-25.
Tanchaisak, K. (2009). The perceived effectiveness of bureaucratic human resources
development interventions among community colleges in Thailand, A paper
presented at The Asian Conference on Education 2009, Osaka, Japan, 22-26
October 2009. Osaka: The International Academic Forum.
Tanchaisak, K. (2009b). The relationship between leadership style and entry level
employees’ commitment to organizations, AU Journal of Management, 7(2),
45-55.
Tanchaisak, K. (2009c). The association between affective organizational commitment
components and leadership style, A paper presented at The 9th Annual SEAAIR
Conference, Penang, Malaysia, 12-15 October 2009. Penang: Malaysia, Universiti
Sains Malaysia.
The Centre for Bhutan Studies & GNH Research. (2017). Good governance and gross
national happiness. Retrieved from http://www.grossnationalhappiness.com/
9-domains/good-governance-and-gross-national-happiness/
The Only Thing Unchanged is Change. (2007). Assess whole SEM model – Chi square and
fit index. Retrieved from http://zencaroline.blogspot.com /2007/04/global-modelfit.
html
Warr, P., & Clapperton, G. (2009). The joy of work?: Jobs, happiness, and you. Oxford,
UK: Routledge.
Weiss, H. M. (2002). Deconstructing job satisfaction: Separating evaluations, beliefs and
affective experiences. Human Resource Management Review, 12, 173-194.
Wheaton, B., Muthen, B., Alwin, D., F., & Summers, G. (1977). Assessing reliability and
stability in panel models. Sociological Methodology, 8(1), 84-136.
Wright, T. A., & Cropanzano, R. (2007). The happy/productive worker thesis revisited.
In Joseph J. Martocchio (ed.), Research in personnel and human resources
management (research in personnel and human resources management,
volume 26). pp. 269-307. Emerald Group Publishing
Yukl, G. A. (2012). Leadership in organizations (8th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson.
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Published
2017-05-01
How to Cite
Tanchaisak, A. P. D. K. (2017). บทบาทของความสุขของพนักงานในการส่งผ่านอิทธิพลของรูปแบบ ของผู้นำไปยังผลการปฏิบัติงานของพนักงาน: การวิเคราะห์ด้วยโมเดลสมการโครงสร้าง. Journal of Multidisciplinary in Social Sciences, 13(3), 207–230. Retrieved from https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/sduhs/article/view/186663
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