Body Satisfaction, Anxiety, and Social Comparisons: Case Study From Indonesia on the Influence of Sociocultural and Biological Factors
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Abstract
This study described body satisfaction and anxiety levels, analyzed associated factors, and examined their relationship. A total of 1,815 respondents (male: 594; female: 1,221) completed an online questionnaire comprising the Body Image State Scale (BISS), Physical Appearance State and Trait Anxiety Scale (PASTAS), and the Upward and Downward Comparison Scale (UPACS and DACS). The data were analyzed using the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and the Kruskal-Wallis test in R Studio. The results demonstrated that respondents’ body satisfaction in this study was high (M = 5.55, SD = 1.85). The score for body anxiety in this research was categorized as low (M = 17.47, SD = 15.23). Respondents showed a greater tendency toward upward body comparison than downward body comparison. Body satisfaction has a positive correlation with age and a negative correlation with BMI, while higher social media use correlates with increased body anxiety. Place of residence and partnership were also correlated with body satisfaction and anxiety. Moreover, self-declaration and sociocultural factors were correlated with body satisfaction and anxiety. Furthermore, the greater the body satisfaction, the lower the body anxiety. However, this study does not include detailed ethnic data, which limits its ability to analyze cultural differences.
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