Social Engagement and Retirement Satisfaction: Evidence from Indonesia
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Little is known about the association between social engagement and retirement satisfaction in the developing world. This study examines the association between social engagement and retirement satisfaction in Indonesia, a developing country. The data come from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS fifth wave) which took place in late 2014 and early 2015. After narrowing the survey so that it would pertain exclusively to retired individuals, a sample of 1,316 Indonesian retirees was yielde. Logistic regression was performed to estimate this relationship after controls were established around a set of confounding variables. The main findings show that social engagement increases the odds of being satisfied with retirement. Specifically, an increase of one unit of social engagement is associated with an increase in the odds of being satisfied with retirement by 21%. The study suggests that policies and programs that can stimulate retired individuals to actively participate in social life in their environments should be developed and prioritized.
Article Details
References
• Adioetomo, S.M., & Mujahid, G. (2014). Indonesia on the threshold of population ageing. UNFPA Indonesia Monograph Series: No.1.
• Andresen, E.M., Malmgren, J.A., Carter, W.B., & Patrick, D.L. (1994). Screening for depression in well older adults: Evaluation of a short form of the CES-D. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 10(2), 77–84. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(18)30622-6
• Ardjmand, E., Weckman, G.R., Schwerha, D., & Snow, A.P. (2016). Analyzing the retirement satisfaction predictors among men and women using a multi-layer feed forward neural network and decision trees. The Second International Conference on Big Data, Small Data, Linked Data and Open Data (Includes KESA 2016), (c), 102–107.
• Asebedo, S.D., & Seay, M.C. (2014). Positive psychological attributes and retirement satisfaction. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 25(2), 161–173.
• Ashida, S., Sewell, D.K., Schafer, E.J., Schroer, A., & Friberg, J. (2018). Social network members who engage in activities with older adults: do they bring more social benefits than other members? Ageing& Society. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X17001490
• Atchley, R.C. (1999). Continuity and adaptation in aging: Creating positive experiences. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press.
• Barnes-Farrell, J. (2003). Beyond health and wealth: Attitudinal and other influences on retirement decision making. In G. Adams & T. Beehr (Eds.), Retirement: Reasons, Processes, and Results (pp. 159–187). New York: Springer.
• Biswas, S. (2018). Spotlight on retirement: Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.soa.org/globalassets/assets/Files/resources/research-report/2018/spotlight-retirement-indonesia.pdf
• Butrica, B.A., & Schaner, S.G. (2005). Satisfaction and engagement in retirement. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
• Calasanti, T.M. (1996). Gender and life satisfaction in retirement: An assessment of the male model. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 51(I), 18–29.
• Cannas, M., Sergi, B.S., Sironi, E., & Mentel, U. (2019). Job satisfaction and subjective well-being in Europe. Economics and Sociology, 12(4), 183–196. doi: https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2019/12-4/11
• Cherry, K.E., Walker, E.J., Brown, J.S., Volaufova, J., Lamotte, L.R., Welsh, D.A., … Frisard, M.I. (2013). Social engagement and health in younger, older, and oldest-old adults in the Louisiana healthy aging study. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 32(1), 51–75. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464811409034
• Cohen-Mansfield, J., Dakheel-ali, M., & Frank, J.K. (2010). The impact of a naturally occurring retirement communities service program in Maryland, USA. Health Promotion International, 25(2). doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daq006
• Cottrel, L.S. (1942). The adjustment of the individual to his age and sex roles. American Sociological Review, 7(5), 617–620.
• D’Silva, J.L., & Samah, A.A. (2018). Holistic well-being of Japanese retirees in Malaysia. Journal of International Studies, 11(3), 95–103. doi: https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2018/11-3/8
• Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R.E. (2002). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and life satisfaction. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology (2nd ed.). doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195187243.013.0017
• Dorfman, L.T., & Rubenstein, L.M. (1993). Paid and unpaid activities and retirement satisfaction among rural seniors. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics, 12(1), 45–63.
• Fouquereau, E., Fernandez, A., Fonseca, A.M., Paul, M.C., & Uotinen, V. (2005). Perceptions of and satisfaction with retirement: A Comparison of six European union countries. Psychology and Aging, 20(3), 524–528. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.20.3.524
• Fox, J., & Leanage, A. (2016). R and the Journal of Statistical Software. Journal of Statistical Software, 73(2). doi: https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v073.i02
• Hajek, A., Brettschneider, C., Mallon, T., Ernst, A., Mamone, S., Wiese, B., … König, H.H. (2017). The impact of social engagement on health-related quality of life and depressive symptoms in old age - evidence from a multicenter prospective cohort study in Germany. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 15(140), 1–8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-017-0715-8
• International Labor Organization. (2017). Actuarial study on the reform of the Indonesian BPJS. Jakarta.
• Kim, S., & Feldman, D.C. (2014). Working in retirement: The antecedents of bridge employment and its consequences for quality of life in retirement. Academy of Management Journal, 43(6), 1195–1210.
• Kubicek, B., Korunka, C., Raymo, J.M., & Hoonakker, P. (2011). Psychological well-being in retirement: The effects of personal and gendered contextual resources. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(2), 230–246. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022334
• Li, C., Chi, I., Zhang, X., Cheng, Z., Zhang, L., & Chen, G. (2014). Urban and rural factors associated with life satisfaction among older Chinese adults. Aging & Mental Health. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2014.977767
• Mendes de Leon, C. (2005). Social engagement and successful aging. European Journal of Ageing, 2(1), 64–66. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-005-0020-y
• Mishchuk, H., & Grishnova, O. (2015). Empirical study of the comfort of living and working environment – Ukraine and Europe: comparative assessment. Journal of International Studies, 8(1), 67–80. doi: https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2015/8-1/6
• Mukku, S.S.R., Harbishettar, V., & Sivakumar, P.T. (2018). Psychological morbidity after job retirement: A review. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 37, 58–63. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2018.08.003
• Nimrod, G. (2007). Retirees’ leisure: Activities, benefits, and their contribution to life satisfaction. Leisure Studies, 26(1), 65–80. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02614360500333937
• O’Brien, G.E. (1981). Leisure attributes and retirement satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 66(3).
• Potocnik, K., & Tordera, N. & Peiró, J.M. (2011). Truly satisfied with your retirement or just resigned? Pathways toward different patterns of retirement satisfaction. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 2(32). doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464811405988
• Price, C.A., & Joo, E. (2005). Exploring the relationship between marital status and women’ s retirement satisfaction. International Journal of Ageing and Human Development, 61(1), 37–55.
• Quick, H.E., & Moen, P. (1998). Gender, employment, and retirement quality: A life course approach to the differential experiences of men and women. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 3(1), 44–64. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.3.1.44
• Quinn, J. (2010). Work, retirement, and the encore career: Elders and the future of the American workforce. Generations, 34(45–55).
• Rammstedt, B., & John, O.P. (2007). Measuring personality in one minute or less: A 10-item short version of the Big Five Inventory in English and German. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 203–212. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.02.001
• Richardson, V., & Kilty, K.M. (1991). Adjustment to retirement: Continuity vs. discontinuity. The International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 33(2), 151–169. doi: https://doi.org/10.2190/6RPT-U8GN-VUCV-P0TU
• Rosow, I. (1967). Social integration of the aged. New York: Free Press.
• Sabbath, E.L., Lubben, J., Goldberg, M., Zins, M., Berkman, L.F., & Goldberg, M. (2015). Social engagement across the retirement transition among ‘young-old’ adults in the French GAZEL cohort. European Journal of Ageing, 12(4), 311–320. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-015-0348-x
• Seda, F.S.S.E., Setyawati, L., Pera, Y.H.T., Febriani, R., & Pebriansyah, P. (2018). Social policies, social exclusion & social well-being in Southeast Asia: A case study of Papua, Indonesia. Economics and Sociology, 11(3), 147–161. doi: https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2018/11-3/9
• Sener, A., Terzioglu, R.G., & Karabulut, E. (2007). Life satisfaction and leisure activities during men’s retirement: A Turkish sample A. Aging & Mental Health, 11(1), 30–36. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860600736349
• Strauss, J., Witoelar, F., & Sikoki, B. (2016). User’ s guide for the Indonesia family life survey, Wave 5, 2.
• Szinovacz, M.E., & Davey, A. (2005). Retirement and marital decision making: Effects on retirement satisfaction. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67, 387–398.
• Szinovacz, M., & Washo, C. (1992). Gender differences in exposure to life events and adaptation to retirement. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 47(4), 191–196.
• Tiernan, C., Lysack, C., Neufeld, S., & Lichtenberg, P.A. (2013). Community engagement: An essential component of well-being in older African-American adults. International Journal of Ageing and Human Development, 77(3), 233–257.
• Wang, M., & Shi, J. (2014). Psychological research on retirement. Annual Review of Psychology. doi: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115131
• Wang, Y., & Matz-Costa, C. (2019). Gender differences in the effect of social resources and social status on the retirement satisfaction and health of retirees. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 62(1), 86–107. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2018.1474156
• World Health Organization. (2016). Mental health and older adults. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs381/en/#.
• Wu, A.M.S., Tang, C.S.K., & Yan, E.C.W. (2005). Post-retirement voluntary work and psychological functioning among older Chinese in Hong Kong. Journal of Of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 20, 27–45. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-005-3796-5