Hypertension Stages and Their Associated Risk Factors among Adult Women in India
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Abstract
We investigated the prevalence of different stages of hypertension and their association with selected sociodemographic factors among adult women in India. The study used data from the WHO Study on Global Aging and Adult Health (SAGE) Wave I (2007). The respondents included women ages 18-49 (N=6,555) who provided complete information on their systolic and diastolic blood pressure along with body weight and height. Different stages of hypertension were characterized based on the American Heart Association (AHA) criteria. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was also calculated by sociodemographic characteristics and nutrition level of the respondent. Multinomial regression analysis was performed to assess the adjusted and unadjusted effects of BMI levels on hypertension. Overweight women compared to the other women were 60% more likely to have pre-hypertension and were at 82% and 83% higher risk to have Hypertension Stage 1 and Stage 2 respectively after controlling for confounding factors. The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in tribal, poor, Sikh and older women, as well as for those consuming alcohol and tobacco. The results of the study indicate that early diagnosis and treatment of hypertension must be encouraged particularly in low-income settings, and that information, education and communication (IEC) programs focusing on healthy diet and lifestyle should be promoted.
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References
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