SHWEDAGON PAGODA: CHANGES AND STATUS OF BUDDHIST PLACES UNDER THE COLONIAL CONTEXT BETWEEN THE 1890s AND THE 1930s

Abstract

This article examines transformations and status of Buddhist sites in the context of colonial society focusing on the Shwedagon Pagoda during the period of 1890-1920. The objectives of this study are: 1) to explore the significance and legends surrounding the Shwedagon Pagoda, 2) to analyze the recognition and roles of the pagoda as both a place of worship for Buddhists and a site of visitation and recreation, and 3) to investigate the lifestyle of the people living around the Shwedagon Pagoda. The framework of the article is centered on colonialism and social dynamics. The research was conducted using both colonial primary and secondary sources along with historical methods. The findings reveal that under colonial influence, the Shwedagon Pagoda's meaning and definition were expanded. The area was reserved for Buddhist merit making activities, but under colonial rule, it also assumed new roles as an educational and recreational space for European travelers. This study provides an understanding of the transformation of colonial Burmese society and the lifestyle adaptations of the Burmese people, influenced by the economic developments at the Yangon colonial seaport