Charting History: The Influence of Malay Muslim Elites in Political Mobilization and the Democratic Movement in Thailand's Deep South
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Abstract
The purpose of this article is to delve into the historical context of Patani to understand the evolution of electoral campaigns and political participation in the deep southern region of Thailand. The frequent coups in Bangkok are considered a significant contributor to the conflict in the lower South. This article posits a critical debate: in a Thai state marked by nationalism and centralized power, individual acts of protest or resistance against the government are unlikely to succeed when undertaken alone, even if the individual embodies a substantial mass movement, both ideologically and in terms of covert support. Engaging in battles single-handedly is deemed excessively bold compared to a united front of a large group. This renders them susceptible to government scrutiny and attack. For instance, Haji Sulong, the sole public figure to submit seven demands to the Thai government, ultimately fell victim to forced disappearance in 1954, highlighting the perils faced by individual dissenters.
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