Assessments of land use/ land cover change and soil erosion: A case study of Kalaw Chaung sub-watershed of Inle Lake, Myanmar
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This study was focused on the changes of land use and land cover (LULC) and soil erosion of the Kalaw Chaung Subwatershed of Inle Lake which is located in the Nyaung Shwe Township, Taunggyi District, Southern Shan State, Myanmar. The study area covered about 485.42 square kilometers of the whole watershed of Inle Lake. Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) provide as useful tools in the investigation of LULC patterns and the detection of LULC changes over space and time. All Landsat images (1990 TM, 2000 ETM and 2010 ETM) are rectified and registered in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) zone 47 N. Unsupervised and Supervised classification system was carried out to classify the images in different land use and land cover categories. The classification has identified five land use classes: Agriculture land, Close forest, Open forest, Scrub grass land and Water body. According to the analysis of LULC changes in the study area, there were major changes in open forest and agriculture land. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation was applied to estimate the annual soil loss from the study area in 1990, 2000 and 2010. The annual soil loss in the study area was calculated through five factors such as rainfall erosivity (R) factor, soil erodibility (K) factor, slope length and steepness (LS) factor, crop-management (C) factor and the support practice (P) factor. The grades of soil loss were determined five categories; very low, low, moderate, high. The results show that during the period 2010, 71.26% of the whole watershed was extremely soil erosion potential zone and 25 % of the watershed area is found out to be under slight erosion class. The results of this research are going to provide reference for soil conservation and management in this area.
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