Synthesis and Transcription of Knowledge model Guidance in Thailand

Abstract

This qualitative research aimed to: 1) investigate the current model of guidance services in Thailand, 2) synthesize and extract the core knowledge of the guidance process model in Thailand, and 3) propose a knowledge framework and a prototype model of Buddhist-based guidance in the Thai context. The study utilized in-depth data collection on exemplary guidance activities in educational institutions through document analysis and in-depth interviews with experienced practitioners in guidance services. Key informants included 12 experts in the field, selected for their prominent roles in national-level guidance practices, who confirmed findings from documents and interviews and provided further recommendations.

The findings revealed the following: 1.Current Model of Guidance Services in Thailand: Guidance practices in Thailand emphasize holistic development in education, career, and personal-social domains. These practices highlight learner participation, individual potential, and differences, and provide five core services: personal data collection, information services, counseling, placement, and follow-up. These are carried out by professional guidance counselors who possess ethical standards, knowledge, integrity, and appropriate personality traits to support students in self-understanding, life planning, and living a balanced and fulfilling life in society. 2. Synthesis and Knowledge Extraction of the Thai Guidance Model: Based on documentary analysis and expert interviews, three core components of the model were synthesized: (1) Scope of guidance encompassing educational, career, and personal-social domains, aiming to promote positive attitudes and support students in making life decisions aligned with their potential; (2) Guidance services comprising five key services that foster self-development through critical thinking and promote collaboration among students and relevant networks; (3) Qualities of effective guidance counselors including professional ethics, comprehensive knowledge of guidance principles, positive attitudes, appropriate personality, and trustworthiness to holistically support student development. 3.Buddhist-Based Guidance Model in Thailand: This model integrates Buddhist principles to support development in three main areas: (1) Education fostering positive learning attitudes and planning; (2) Career promoting understanding and readiness for career paths; and (3) Personal-social enhancing personality and social interaction. The five services remain central, but are guided by Buddhist teachings. Counselors are expected to embody qualities such as compassion, morality, and constructive communication, and apply Dhamma principles such as the Five Strengths (Pañcabalā), the Four Iddhipāda, Brahmavihāra, and Yonisomanasikāra in their guidance practice, ultimately supporting students toward self-actualization, well-being, and sustainable living.