‘Royal-Nationalism Ideology’ in Thai Muslim Society from Absolute Monarchy to 1976
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Abstract
The dynamic and flexible nature of Thai royal-nationalist ideology permits various group of people from diverse social backgrounds to adopt and translate the ideology according to their own groups’ social beliefs. Historically, the Thai Muslim community has adopted the ideology to construct ‘Muslimness’ –the cultural core of Muslim identity.
Thai Muslim society has been beginning to develop the definition of Muslimness relating to the Thai elite socializing framework since the emergence of Absolute Monarchy state. Historically, the Thai royal elites have demonstrated their status as ‘Rex Fidei Defensor’ through propagating ‘Royal-Nationalism Ideology’ and link it with the state of ‘Muslimness’. King Vajiravudh had implanted the ideology among the Muslims by emphasizing “nation, religion, and monarchy” as the core of Thai nation and insisted on his role as the defender of the faith. At the same time, the Islamic doctrine was also interpreted to cohere with the ideology.
On the early period of King Bhumibol’s reign [1957-1976], dealing with the political context then, his role as ‘Rex Fidei Defensor’ was represented by his revealing support for ‘religious liberty’. Royal-Nationalism Ideology was interpreted with Islamic doctrine on behalf of freedom and democratic regime. In parallel with this dynamic, the nature of Muslimness is repeatedly used as a tool to maintain the security of nation, religion and monarchy. As these institutions were seen as the protector of the right to belief, and the containment of the socialist ideology.
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