From Kukrit Pramoj to Bhuddhadasa Bhikkhu: Influence of public intellectuals Towards the spirit and emotions of the Thai middle class Buddhists
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Abstract
The objective of this article is to study and analyze the role of Thai public intellectuals, in the cases of M.R. Kukrit Pramoj and Buddhadasa Bhikkhu, who had an influence on Buddhist thoughts and sentiments of the Thai middle class. The study reveals that the views of both public intellectuals were important to the creation of emotions, feelings, or anomalies of “Authentic”-“Artificial” or “Core”-“Surface” which provided the reproduction of the discourse of “Real Buddhism”-“Artificial Buddhism” that is deeply embedded in the structure of the Thai middle class Buddhists, especially the “intellectuals”. In addition to the sense of “Real”-“Fake”, dichotomy “scientism” and “authoritarianism” are also evident from these public intellectuals. In particular, “authoritarianism” was used as a means of judgement and suppressing what is perceived as “Untrue”, “Imitation”, or Buddhist facade. Paradoxically, it can be arranged that Buddhism of Thai middle class has characteristics which contradict the ideology of “Liberal Democracy” that is also the ideal of the middle class.
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