Examining the Challenges of South Asian NHRIs: De Facto Independence and Domestic Constraints
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Abstract
Against the backdrop of student-led movements across South Asia challenging systemic discrimination, corruption, and human rights abuses, this article explores the difficulties faced by National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) in the region. By reviewing annual reports, official websites, stakeholder assessments, and other relevant sources from three randomly selected NHRIs—Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka—it seeks to identify obstacles to their effectiveness and suggest practical solutions. The paper identifies concerns regarding the de facto independence of these NHRIs, noting that the three institutions studied in South Asia face notable constraints in their investigative authority, appointment and selection mechanisms, and the adequacy of financial and resource allocations. The study reveals that domestic challenges for these NHRIs include politicization, an excessive focus on individual complaints, the reluctance of authorities to implement recommendations, unrealistic public expectations, and societal divisions. The paper demonstrates that while international involvement may have contributed more to the establishment of NHRIs than domestic initiatives, human rights promotion and protection depend more on domestic action than on international efforts. It argues that institutional reforms consistent with the Paris Principles, coupled with awareness campaigns on NHRIs' roles and mandates, are essential to address these obstacles.
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