A Model of Engaging Teachers with the Prevention of Trafficking of Migrant Children: Case Study of Samut Sakhon, Thailand1
Article Sidebar
Published:
Jun 29, 2017
Keywords:
Trafficking Prevention Evidence-Based Prevention Program Migrant Children Awareness and Knowledge on Trafficking Samut Sakhon Thailand
Main Article Content
Abstract
Child labor exploitation in Samut Sakhon has been a perennial problem in Thailand. Migrant children’s public schools and learning centers have offered alternative educational thresholds to keep them in school longer to reduce child labor exploitation. However, these children tend to drop out of school early to become full-time laborers because of their families’ financial needs. This research presents a school-based anti-trafficking prevention program created through participatory action research in which elementary school teachers teach migrant students about the potential of migrant child exploitation. Through producing an Anti-Human Trafficking Handbook, this research raises awareness and knowledge to prevent the untoward exploitation. Previously, no other context-specific anti-human trafficking handbook co-produced by teachers and researchers exists. This research emphasizes a model that enhances serious collaboration of the teachers, students, and the research team to create an Anti-Child Trafficking Handbook with lessons and activities suited for their specific needs. The main contribution of this article to educational knowledge is the revelation of challenges that such prevention programs applicable to foreigners’ children might face from the state (policy), university (educational programs), or even among the educators themselves, both Thai or non-Thai.
Article Details
How to Cite
Kranrattanasuit, N., & Sumarlan, Y. (2017). A Model of Engaging Teachers with the Prevention of Trafficking of Migrant Children: Case Study of Samut Sakhon, Thailand1. Journal of Human Rights and Peace Studies, 3(1), 35–66. Retrieved from https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/HRPS/article/view/164150
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Research Articles
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References
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Development Center and Migrant Students/Interviewer:
Naparat Kranrattanasuit.
Blair, Thomas and Minkler, Meredith. (2009). Participatory Action
Research with Older Adults: Key Principles in Practice. The
Gerontologist. 49 (5), 651 - 662.
Elias, M.J., Butler-Bruene, L., and Schuyler, T., (2000). Voices from
the field: Identifying and overcoming roadblocks to carrying
out programs in social and emotional learning/emotional
intelligence. Journal of Education and Psychological
Consultation, 11(2), 253 - 272.
Environmental Justice Foundation. (2013). The Hidden Cost: Human
Rights Abuses in Thailand’s Shrimp Industry, Retrieved Dec.
20, 2015 from https://ejfoundation.org/sites/default/files/
public/shrimp_report_v44_lower_resolution.pdf.
Faculty of Social Science and Humanity. (2000). Participatory Action
Research, Mahidol University.
Fagan, A.A., Brooke-Weiss, B., Cady, R., and Hawkins, J.D., (2009).
If at First You Don’t Succeed … Keep Trying: Strategies to
Enhance Coalition/School Partnership to Implement School-
Based Prevention Programming. The Australian and New
Zealand Journal of Criminology, Vol. 42 No. 3 2009 pp. 387
- 405.
Fight Against Child Exploitation (FACE). (2006). Curriculum on
Training Workshops for Multidisciplinary Practitioners to
Combat Human Trafficking (translated from Thai by the
author).
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (2012). The State of World
Fisheries and Aquaculture. Rome: FAO.
Gallagher, E. M., & Scott, V. J. (1997). The STEPS Project:
Participatory Action Research to Reduce Falls in Public
Places among seniors and persons with disabilities. Canadian
Journal of Public Health, 88, 129 - 133.
Gallagher, E. M., Lindsey, E., & Scott, V. J. (2002). Promotion Health
through Participatory Action Research: Lessons Learned from
“STEPS” (Study of Environments that Promote Safety).
In L. E. Young & V.E. Hayes (Eds.), Transforming Health
Promotion Practice: concepts, Issues, and Applications
(pp. 284 - 296). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis.
Guyatt, G., and Rennie, D., (2002). Users’ guide to the medical
literature: A manual for evidence-based clinical practice,
Chicago: American Medical Association.
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Trafficking in Children for Labour, Sexual and Other Forms
of Exploitation: Facilitators’ Guide, International Programme
on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC).
International Labour Organization. (2009b). Training Manual to
Fight Trafficking in Children for Labour, Sexual and Other
Forms of Exploitation--Textbook 1: Understanding Child
Trafficking, International Programme on the Elimination of
Child Labour (IPEC).
International Labour Organization. (2009c). Training Manual to Fight
Trafficking in Children for Labour, Sexual and Other Forms
of Exploitation--Textbook 2: Action against Child Trafficking
at Policy and Outreach Levels, International Programme on
the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC).
International Labour Organization. (2009d). Training Manual to Fight
Trafficking in Children for Labou, Sexual and Other Forms of
Exploitation--Textbook 3: Matters of Process, International
Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC).
International Labour Organization. (2009e). Training Manual to Fight
Trafficking in Children for Labour, Sexual and Other Forms
of Exploitation - Exercise Book, International Programme on
the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC).
International Labor Organization. (2010). Mini Research on Child
Labor in the Seafood Supply Chain in Samut Sakhon,
Thailand. Retrieved Sept. 29, 2016 from www.ilo.org/
ipecinfo/product/download.do?type=document&id=17341.
International Labor Organization. (2014). Compendium of Good
Practices on Addressing Child Labor in Agriculture. Retrieved
Sept. 29, 2016 from https://www.ilo.org/ipecinfo/product/
download.do?type=document&id=23100.
International Labor Organization. (2015). World Report on Child
Labor 2015 Paving the Way to decent work for young people.
Retrieved Mar. 15, 2016 from https://www.ilo.org/ipec/
Informationresources/WCMS_358969/lang--en/index.htm.
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Migration: Situation Analysis of Burmese Migrant Workers
under Thailand’s Migration Policy. IJHSS 1(1). Retrieved
Mar. 15, 2016 from https://connexion.mfu.ac.th/2015/ejournal/
Vol.1%20No.1%202012/Vol.1%20No.1.pdf.
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Case Studies of Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam (Brill |
Nijhoff).
Migrant Working Group (MWG). (2015). # I am Migrant too. Report
on Migrant Workers Situation. Save the Children. (translated
from Thai into English by the research team).
Ministry of Social Development and Human Security. Curriculum
for Training of Personnel from Ministry of Labour and
Concerned Agencies to Prevent and Protect Victims of
Labour Trafficking. Retrieved from https://www.nocht.
m-society.go.th/album/download/608766afb1c2a7033e2aa
45e5f9c8010.pdf.
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(2012). About Samut Sakhon Province. Retrieved from https://
www.nocht.m-society.go.th/album/download/8dd2e63ebabf5
154af41aa746885d28b.pdf.
Plai-Noi, Suphawan. (2004). Action Research: AR toward Community
Action Research-CAR. (translated from Thai into English by
the research team).
Sackett, D.L., Rosenberg, W.M.C., and Gray, J.A., (1996). Evidence
based medicine: What it is and what it isn’t. British Medical
Journal, 312, 71 - 72.
Saosoong, Naruemon. (2015, February 4 & 16). Migrant Students at
Sirimongkok School/Interviewer: Naparat Kranrattanasuit.
Shrestha R., Karki, P., Suwai, A., & Copenhaver, M. (2015). Sex
Trafficking Related Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitudes
among Adolescent Female Students in Nepal: A Cross-
Sectional Study, PLoS One 10(7):1 - 13.
Slavin, R.E. (2008). Perspectives on evidence-based research in
education—what works? Issues in synthesizing educational
program evaluations. Educational Researcher, 37(1), 5 - 14.
Srakaew, Sompong et als. (2015). A Report on Migrant Children
& Child Labourers in Thailand’s Fishing and Seafood
Processing Industry. Bangkok: Labour Rights Promotion
Network Foundation (LPN) and terre des hommes Germany.
Retrieved from https://www.terredeshommes.org/wp-content/
uploads/2015/06/Report-on-Migrant-Children-Child-
Labourers-and-Seafood-Processing-in-Thailands-Fishing-
Industry.pdf.
Suksiri, Uthai. (2007). Human Trafficking Cycle and Patterns in
Thailand. World Vision Foundation of Thailand.
The Asia Foundation and International Labour Organization. (2015).
Migrant and Child Labor in Thailand’s Shrimp and Other
Seafood Supply Chains: Labor Condition and the Decision
to Study or Work. Retrieved from https://asiafoundation.org/
resources/pdfs/
The Asia Foundation and International Labour Organization. (2015).
Migrant and Child Labor in Thailand’s Shrimp and Other
Seafood Supply Chains: Labor Condition and the Decision
to Study or Work. Retrieved from https://asiafoundation.org/
resources/pdfs Migrant Child Labor in Thailands Shrimpand
Other Seafood Supply Chains.pdf.
The Ohio Attorney General’s Human Trafficking Commission. (2016,
August). Human Trafficking Prevention Education: Guidance
for Implementation of Youth Programs. Retrieved from https://
www.ohioattorneygeneral.gov/getattachment/b9c18117-
5136-4538-b115-b5105a550fdf/Human-Trafficking-
Prevention-Education-FINAL.aspx.
Thomson Reuters Foundation. (2015, September 15). Child Workers
in Thai Seafood Industry Face Hazards, Injuries : Report. The
Irrawaddy. Retrieved from https://www.irrawaddy.com/asia/
child-workers-in-thai-seafood-industry-face-hazards-injuries-
report.html.
Thorner, D., Kerblay, B., and Smith, R.E.F. (eds)(1966). A.V.
Chayanov on The Theory of Peasant Economy, Homewood,
Il: Richard D. Irwin, Inc.
United States Department of Labor’s Bureau of International
Labor Affairs. (2014). Thailand: Moderate Advancement.
2013 Findings on the worst forms of child labor. Retrieved
from https://www.dol.gov/ilab/reports/child-labor/
findings/2013TDA/thailand.pdf.
Vanderhoof, Lara A. (2015). An Examination of Strategies to Bring
Awareness to Human Trafficking in One’s Community.
A Dissertation. Doctor of Social Work, Capella University.
Yee, Tin Htay. (2015, June 23 & 25). Background of Migrant Children’s
Development Center and Migrant Students/Interviewer:
Naparat Kranrattanasuit.
This article is a part of a portfolio of the research project on “The
Development of a Learning Process to Prevent Children of
Migrant Workers from Human Trafficking: The Case Studies
of Schools and Learning Centers Admitting Migrant Children
in Samut Sakhon.”
Naparat Kranrattanasuit, S.J.D. has worked as researcher and lecturer
at Institute of Human Rights and Peace Studies, Mahidol
University.
Yanuar Sumarlan, Ph.D. has served as researcher and lecturer
at Institute of Human Rights and Peace Studies, Mahidol
University.
Development Center and Migrant Students/Interviewer:
Naparat Kranrattanasuit.
Blair, Thomas and Minkler, Meredith. (2009). Participatory Action
Research with Older Adults: Key Principles in Practice. The
Gerontologist. 49 (5), 651 - 662.
Elias, M.J., Butler-Bruene, L., and Schuyler, T., (2000). Voices from
the field: Identifying and overcoming roadblocks to carrying
out programs in social and emotional learning/emotional
intelligence. Journal of Education and Psychological
Consultation, 11(2), 253 - 272.
Environmental Justice Foundation. (2013). The Hidden Cost: Human
Rights Abuses in Thailand’s Shrimp Industry, Retrieved Dec.
20, 2015 from https://ejfoundation.org/sites/default/files/
public/shrimp_report_v44_lower_resolution.pdf.
Faculty of Social Science and Humanity. (2000). Participatory Action
Research, Mahidol University.
Fagan, A.A., Brooke-Weiss, B., Cady, R., and Hawkins, J.D., (2009).
If at First You Don’t Succeed … Keep Trying: Strategies to
Enhance Coalition/School Partnership to Implement School-
Based Prevention Programming. The Australian and New
Zealand Journal of Criminology, Vol. 42 No. 3 2009 pp. 387
- 405.
Fight Against Child Exploitation (FACE). (2006). Curriculum on
Training Workshops for Multidisciplinary Practitioners to
Combat Human Trafficking (translated from Thai by the
author).
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (2012). The State of World
Fisheries and Aquaculture. Rome: FAO.
Gallagher, E. M., & Scott, V. J. (1997). The STEPS Project:
Participatory Action Research to Reduce Falls in Public
Places among seniors and persons with disabilities. Canadian
Journal of Public Health, 88, 129 - 133.
Gallagher, E. M., Lindsey, E., & Scott, V. J. (2002). Promotion Health
through Participatory Action Research: Lessons Learned from
“STEPS” (Study of Environments that Promote Safety).
In L. E. Young & V.E. Hayes (Eds.), Transforming Health
Promotion Practice: concepts, Issues, and Applications
(pp. 284 - 296). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis.
Guyatt, G., and Rennie, D., (2002). Users’ guide to the medical
literature: A manual for evidence-based clinical practice,
Chicago: American Medical Association.
International Labour Organization. (2009a). Training Manual to Fight
Trafficking in Children for Labour, Sexual and Other Forms
of Exploitation: Facilitators’ Guide, International Programme
on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC).
International Labour Organization. (2009b). Training Manual to
Fight Trafficking in Children for Labour, Sexual and Other
Forms of Exploitation--Textbook 1: Understanding Child
Trafficking, International Programme on the Elimination of
Child Labour (IPEC).
International Labour Organization. (2009c). Training Manual to Fight
Trafficking in Children for Labour, Sexual and Other Forms
of Exploitation--Textbook 2: Action against Child Trafficking
at Policy and Outreach Levels, International Programme on
the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC).
International Labour Organization. (2009d). Training Manual to Fight
Trafficking in Children for Labou, Sexual and Other Forms of
Exploitation--Textbook 3: Matters of Process, International
Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC).
International Labour Organization. (2009e). Training Manual to Fight
Trafficking in Children for Labour, Sexual and Other Forms
of Exploitation - Exercise Book, International Programme on
the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC).
International Labor Organization. (2010). Mini Research on Child
Labor in the Seafood Supply Chain in Samut Sakhon,
Thailand. Retrieved Sept. 29, 2016 from www.ilo.org/
ipecinfo/product/download.do?type=document&id=17341.
International Labor Organization. (2014). Compendium of Good
Practices on Addressing Child Labor in Agriculture. Retrieved
Sept. 29, 2016 from https://www.ilo.org/ipecinfo/product/
download.do?type=document&id=23100.
International Labor Organization. (2015). World Report on Child
Labor 2015 Paving the Way to decent work for young people.
Retrieved Mar. 15, 2016 from https://www.ilo.org/ipec/
Informationresources/WCMS_358969/lang--en/index.htm.
Khai, Khen Suan. (2012). Thailand’s Policy towards Irregular
Migration: Situation Analysis of Burmese Migrant Workers
under Thailand’s Migration Policy. IJHSS 1(1). Retrieved
Mar. 15, 2016 from https://connexion.mfu.ac.th/2015/ejournal/
Vol.1%20No.1%202012/Vol.1%20No.1.pdf.
Kranrattanasuit, Naparat (2014). ASEAN and Human Trafficking:
Case Studies of Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam (Brill |
Nijhoff).
Migrant Working Group (MWG). (2015). # I am Migrant too. Report
on Migrant Workers Situation. Save the Children. (translated
from Thai into English by the research team).
Ministry of Social Development and Human Security. Curriculum
for Training of Personnel from Ministry of Labour and
Concerned Agencies to Prevent and Protect Victims of
Labour Trafficking. Retrieved from https://www.nocht.
m-society.go.th/album/download/608766afb1c2a7033e2aa
45e5f9c8010.pdf.
Office of Labor Protection and Welfare of Samut Sakhon Province.
(2012). About Samut Sakhon Province. Retrieved from https://
www.nocht.m-society.go.th/album/download/8dd2e63ebabf5
154af41aa746885d28b.pdf.
Plai-Noi, Suphawan. (2004). Action Research: AR toward Community
Action Research-CAR. (translated from Thai into English by
the research team).
Sackett, D.L., Rosenberg, W.M.C., and Gray, J.A., (1996). Evidence
based medicine: What it is and what it isn’t. British Medical
Journal, 312, 71 - 72.
Saosoong, Naruemon. (2015, February 4 & 16). Migrant Students at
Sirimongkok School/Interviewer: Naparat Kranrattanasuit.
Shrestha R., Karki, P., Suwai, A., & Copenhaver, M. (2015). Sex
Trafficking Related Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitudes
among Adolescent Female Students in Nepal: A Cross-
Sectional Study, PLoS One 10(7):1 - 13.
Slavin, R.E. (2008). Perspectives on evidence-based research in
education—what works? Issues in synthesizing educational
program evaluations. Educational Researcher, 37(1), 5 - 14.
Srakaew, Sompong et als. (2015). A Report on Migrant Children
& Child Labourers in Thailand’s Fishing and Seafood
Processing Industry. Bangkok: Labour Rights Promotion
Network Foundation (LPN) and terre des hommes Germany.
Retrieved from https://www.terredeshommes.org/wp-content/
uploads/2015/06/Report-on-Migrant-Children-Child-
Labourers-and-Seafood-Processing-in-Thailands-Fishing-
Industry.pdf.
Suksiri, Uthai. (2007). Human Trafficking Cycle and Patterns in
Thailand. World Vision Foundation of Thailand.
The Asia Foundation and International Labour Organization. (2015).
Migrant and Child Labor in Thailand’s Shrimp and Other
Seafood Supply Chains: Labor Condition and the Decision
to Study or Work. Retrieved from https://asiafoundation.org/
resources/pdfs/
The Asia Foundation and International Labour Organization. (2015).
Migrant and Child Labor in Thailand’s Shrimp and Other
Seafood Supply Chains: Labor Condition and the Decision
to Study or Work. Retrieved from https://asiafoundation.org/
resources/pdfs Migrant Child Labor in Thailands Shrimpand
Other Seafood Supply Chains.pdf.
The Ohio Attorney General’s Human Trafficking Commission. (2016,
August). Human Trafficking Prevention Education: Guidance
for Implementation of Youth Programs. Retrieved from https://
www.ohioattorneygeneral.gov/getattachment/b9c18117-
5136-4538-b115-b5105a550fdf/Human-Trafficking-
Prevention-Education-FINAL.aspx.
Thomson Reuters Foundation. (2015, September 15). Child Workers
in Thai Seafood Industry Face Hazards, Injuries : Report. The
Irrawaddy. Retrieved from https://www.irrawaddy.com/asia/
child-workers-in-thai-seafood-industry-face-hazards-injuries-
report.html.
Thorner, D., Kerblay, B., and Smith, R.E.F. (eds)(1966). A.V.
Chayanov on The Theory of Peasant Economy, Homewood,
Il: Richard D. Irwin, Inc.
United States Department of Labor’s Bureau of International
Labor Affairs. (2014). Thailand: Moderate Advancement.
2013 Findings on the worst forms of child labor. Retrieved
from https://www.dol.gov/ilab/reports/child-labor/
findings/2013TDA/thailand.pdf.
Vanderhoof, Lara A. (2015). An Examination of Strategies to Bring
Awareness to Human Trafficking in One’s Community.
A Dissertation. Doctor of Social Work, Capella University.
Yee, Tin Htay. (2015, June 23 & 25). Background of Migrant Children’s
Development Center and Migrant Students/Interviewer:
Naparat Kranrattanasuit.
This article is a part of a portfolio of the research project on “The
Development of a Learning Process to Prevent Children of
Migrant Workers from Human Trafficking: The Case Studies
of Schools and Learning Centers Admitting Migrant Children
in Samut Sakhon.”
Naparat Kranrattanasuit, S.J.D. has worked as researcher and lecturer
at Institute of Human Rights and Peace Studies, Mahidol
University.
Yanuar Sumarlan, Ph.D. has served as researcher and lecturer
at Institute of Human Rights and Peace Studies, Mahidol
University.