Music Therapy for the Elderly

Abstract

The purposes of this research were to examine the musical elements, to construct and develop music therapy for the elderly, and to discover its effectiveness. The target of this research was the Thai-Lao ethnic group. The research and development (R&D) approach underpinning this study was divided into three phases with six steps. The results revealed the following points. 1) The music therapy was comprised of khaen paet (the eight-tubed khaen) in the lai yai and lai po sai modes. The composition and properties of this music involved the mid-range tone which improved the participants’ relaxation, leading to better mental coordination. The middle-range speed could also help the elderly feel calm and meditate. In addition, the appropriate proportion and liveness of the melody tended to enliven feelings and reduce anxiety. The harmonies were likely to promote a feeling of warmth and serenity. The tone color should be generated from musical instruments rather than singing, which was likely to enhance creativity and imagination, and to activate meaningful memories. In addition, the quality of music was constructed with a clear range of form and structure in creating excitement and music emotions. 2) The music therapy for the elderly created by the researcher was an instrumental solo of khaen paet using lai yai and lai po sai modes. 3) The proposed music therapy was effective and resulted in improvement of physical and mental well-being and helped the elderly to feel peaceful.