An Analysis of the Thai Translations of Symbolic and Iconic Hybridity in Beloved and Things Falls Apart
Keywords:
linguistic hybridity, translation, postcolonial literature, African-American literature, narrationAbstract
The objective of this study is to investigate Thai translations of postcolonial and African-American literature that contain linguistic hybridity as one of their main characteristics. The study applies Klinger’s (2015) concepts of symbolic and iconic hybridity in narration to explanations of the writers’ and translators’ intention to abrogate English writing norms by using non-standard language. The findings reveal that the Thai translators were unable to maintain the linguistic hybridity found in the source texts due to their use of additional cushioning and grammatically correct Thai language. Hence, the intention of the source texts to abrogate standard English disappears from the target texts. However, the translators and other translation agents might not have perceived the source texts’ linguistic hybridity as a translation problem, and therefore chosen to present the gist of the story rather than such a linguistic feature.
References
ภาษาไทย
Chinua Achebe ชินัว อาเชเบ. 2002. Khon rattikan cha dabsun ก่อนรัตติกาลจะดับสูญ [Things Fall Apart] (Lamnam, Trans.). Bangkok: Kobfai publishing.
Janjarat Hatsabamroe จันทรจรัส หัศบำเรอ. 2006. “Kanplae nawaniyai rueng The God of Small Things khong Arundhati Roy” การแปลนวนิยายเรื่อง The God of Small Things ของ Arundhati Roy [A Translation of The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy]. Master thesis, Chulalongkorn University
Narongdej Phanthaphoommee ณรงเดช พันธะพุมมี. 2015. “Kanplae phawaphanphasom nai nawaniyai rueng The Moor’s Last Sigh khong Salman Rushdie” การแปลภาวะพันธุ์ผสมในนวนิยายเรื่อง The Moor's Last Sigh ของ Salman Rushdie [A Translation of Hybridity in The Moor’s Last Sigh by Sulman Rushdie]. Master thesis, Chulalongkorn University.
Ronakarn Suthiprarop รณกานต์ สุทธิปรารภ. 2016. “Botplae rueng ‘Americanah’ khong Chimamanda Ngozi Adicie phrom botwikhroe” บทแปลเรื่อง “อเมริกานา” ของ ชิมาแมนดา โกซี อะดิชี พร้อมบทวิเคราะห์ [A Translation of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s “Americanaha” with an Analysis]. Master thesis, Thammasat University.
Satima Rotjanawongchai สติมา โรจน์วงศ์ชัย. 2010. “Naewthang kanplae nawaniyai rueng Tar Baby khong Toni Morrison” แนวทางการแปลนวนิยายเรื่อง Tar Baby ของโทนี มอร์ริสัน [A Translation of Tar Baby by Toni Morrison]. Master thesis, Chulalongkorn University.
Sirikanya Wasutit สิริกัญญา วาสุถิตย์. 2003. “Kanplae nawaniyai rueng The Bluest Eyes: Panha lae naewthang kae panha” การแปลนวนิยายเรื่อง The Bluest Eyes: ปัญหาและแนวทางแก้ปัญหา [A Translation of The Bluest Eyes: Problems and Solutions]. Master thesis, Chulalongkorn University.
Supriya Wilawan Thanaphum, & Phanida Simaporn สุปรียา วิลาวรรณ ธนะภูมิ และพนิดา ซิมาภรณ์. 2015. Kanprae khong phasa nai nawaniyai lae kanplae: Koranisueksa Forrest Gump khong Winston Groom การแปรของภาษาในนวนิยายและการแปล: กรณีศึกษา Forrest Gump ของ Winston Groom [The Use of Linguistic Varieties and Translation: The Case of Forrest Gump by Winston Groom] Warasan Silapasat วารสารศิลปศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์ [Journal of Liberal Arts, Thammasat University] 15(1): 45-73. https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/liberalarts/article/view/41176/34049
Toni Morrison โทนี มอร์ริสัน. 2020. Biloeb บีเลิฟด์ [Beloved] (Rangsima Tansakul, Trans.). Bangkok: Library House.
Warangkana Sae-jeng วรางคณา แซ่เจ็ง. 2004. “Kansueksa laksana phasa Angkrit baeb mai mattrathan khong khon phiwsi nai rueng The Color Purpole lae konwithikanplae pen phasa Thai” การศึกษาลักษณะภาษาอังกฤษแบบไม่มาตรฐานของคนผิวสีในเรื่อง The Color Purple และกลวิธีการแปลเป็นภาษาไทย [A Study of Black English in The Color Purple and Translation Strategies in Its Translated Version]. Master thesis, Mahidol University.
ภาษาอังกฤษ
Achebe, Chinua. 2001. Things Fall Apart. London: Penguin Books. (Original work published 1958)
Ashcroft, B., Griffiths, G., & Tiffin, H. (Eds.). 2006. The Post-Colonial Studies Reader (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
Ashcroft, B., Griffiths, G., & Tiffin, H. 2003. The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literature (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
Baker, Mona. 2004. The Treatment of Variation in Corpus-Based Translation Studies. Language Matters 35(1): 28-38. https://doi.org/10.1080/10228190408566202
Bhabha, Homi. 2004. The Location of Culture (2nd ed.). London: Routledge. (Original work published 1994)
Dickson-Carr, Darryl. 2005. The Columbia Guide to Contemporary African American Fiction. New York: Columbia University Press.
DuCille, Ann. 1996. Skin Trade. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Fanon, Frantz. 2020. Black Skin, White Masks (R. Philcox, Trans.). London: Penguin. (Original work published 1952)
Flaudernik, Monika. 2009. An Introduction to Narratology (P. Häusler-Greenfield & M. Flaudernik, Trans.).
London: Routledge. (Original work published 2006)
Fowler, Roger. 1989. Linguistics and the Novel. London: Routledge. (Original work published 1977)
Gates, H. L., Jr. 2014. The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of African American Literary Criticism (25th Anniversary ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1988)
Inghilleri, Moira. 2017. Translation and Migration. London: Routledge.
Jakobson, Roman. 2004. On Linguistic Aspects of Translation. In The Translation Studies Reader (2nd ed.),
Lawrence Venuti, ed., 138–143. London: Routledge. (Original work published 1959)
Klinger, Susanne. 2015. Translation and Linguistic Hybridity: Constructing Worldview. London: Routledge.
Määttä, Simo K. 2004. Dialect and Point of View: The Ideology of Translation in The Sound and the Fury in French. Target 16(2): 319-339. https://doi.org/10.1075/target.16.2.06maa
Morrison, Toni. 1993. Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination. London: Vintage.
Morrison, Toni. 2004. Beloved. London: Vintage. (Original work published 1987)
Morrison, Toni. 2020. The Source of Self-Regard: Selected Essays, Speeches, and Meditations. London: Vintage.
Munday, Jeremy. 2012. Evaluation in Translation: Critical Points of Translator Decision-Making. London: Routledge.
Pinto, Sara R. 2009. How Important is the Way You Say It?: A Discussion on the Translation of Linguistic Varieties. Target 21(2): 289-307. https://doi.org/10.1075/target.21.2.04pin
Polezzi, Loredana. 2012. Translation and Migration. Translation Studies 5(3): 345-356. https://doi.org/10.1080/14781700.2012.701943
Rosa, Alexandra A. 2012. Translating Place: Linguistic Variation in Translation. Word and Text 2(2): 75-97.
Rushdie, Salman. 1992. Imaginary Homelands: Essays and Criticism 1981-1991. London: Penguin Books.
Said, Edward. 1979. Orientalism. London: Vintage.
Sánchez, María T. 1999. Translation as a(n) (Im)possible task: Dialect in Literature. Babel 45(4): 301-310. https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.45.4.03san
Semino, Elena. 2002. A Cognitive Stylistic Approach to Mind Style in Narrative Fiction. In Cognitive Stylistics: Language and Cognition in Text Analysis, Elena Semino and Jonathan Culpeper, eds., 95–122. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Sidnell, Jack. (n.d.). African American Vernacular English (Ebonics). https://www.hawaii.edu/satocenter/langnet/definitions/aave.html, accessed November 10, 2021.
Szymańska, Izabela. 2017. The Treatment of Geographical Dialect in Literary Translation from the Perspective of Relevance Theory. Research in Language 15(1): 61-77. https://doi.org/10.1515/rela-2017-0004
Toury, Gideon. 2012. The Nature and Role of Norms in Translation. In The Translation Studies Readers (3rd ed.), Lawrence Venuti, ed., 168-182. London: Routledge. (Original work published 1995)
Tymoczko, Maria. 1999. Post-Colonial Writing and Literary Translation. In Post-Colonial Translation: Theory and Practice, Susan Bassnett and Harish Trivedi, eds., 19-40. London: Routledge.
wa Thiong'o, Ngũgĩ. 1992. Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature. Nairobi: East African Educational Publishers.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright and plagiarism
Authors are responsible for obtaining permission to use copyrighted materials from copyright owners. Authors are responsible for observing requisite copyright law when quoting or reproducing copyrighted materials. Quotations and reproductions of content from other published sources must be accompanied by a reference and all sources should be clearly listed in the references section. Quotations and reproductions of content from external sources without due attribution could be considered a severe infringement of academic conduct and may constitute a legal offence under the Copyright Act of B.E. 2537. Any legal ramifications arising from the infringement of copyright regulations would be the sole responsibility of the author(s).
