A Study of Abhidhamma Teaching Methods in English of Abhidhamma Teachers at The University of Abhidhamma in Yagon of Myanmar
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This study examines the Abhidhamma teaching methods in English employed by educators at the University of Abhidhamma in Yangon, Myanmar, and analyzes the associated pedagogical and linguistic challenges. As English becomes the global academic language for Buddhist studies, institutions in traditionally Theravāda countries are increasingly adopting English-medium instruction to meet international educational standards. However, the complex, analytical, and abstract nature of Abhidhamma-deeply rooted in Pāli and Burmese traditions-presents significant hurdles for accurate cross-cultural dissemination.
Utilizing a qualitative research design, the researcher employed purposive sampling to select five experienced Abhidhamma teachers. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, classroom observations across six sessions, and document analysis of textbooks and lesson plans. Thematic analysis and data triangulation were used to ensure the reliability of the findings.
The results indicate that teachers predominantly rely on bilingual explanation techniques, introducing concepts in Pāli or Burmese before providing detailed English explanations to preserve doctrinal accuracy. Other frequently observed methods include the use of visual aids (charts and diagrams) to illustrate systematic classifications, and interactive questioning to maintain student engagement.
Despite these adaptive strategies, the study identifies several critical problems: the limited English proficiency of students, a lack of standardized English Abhidhamma textbooks, and the inherent difficulty of translating metaphysical Pāli concepts (such as paramattha dhamma) without losing nuanced meaning. Additionally, time constraints caused by the need for repeated clarifications often hinder curriculum completion. The research suggests the development of standardized glossaries, specialized teacher training in English-medium instruction, and the integration of digital tools to enhance the quality of global Buddhist education.
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