Travel Motivations of Generation Y Chinese and Taiwanese Tourists Visiting Thailand: The Application of the Travel Career Pattern Approach

Main Article Content

Sitanan Wannasan
Laddawan Jianvittayakit
0000-0003-0429-4221

Abstract

This study explores the travel motivations of Chinese and Taiwanese Gen Y tourists visiting Thailand. The concept of travel career pattern (TCP) was applied to identify the motivation patterns of these two tourist groups. Using the in-depth interview, thirty Chinese and Taiwanese Gen Y tourists disclosed their perceptions and motivations for their visit. The results reveal the differences in travel motivation and the levels of motives underpinned by the Travel Career Pattern framework. The core motives are common and crucial motivations, while the interplayed combination between the core motives and the middle-layer motives is different between the two groups. The finding offers new insights to the tourist motivation literature under the Thailand context, and illuminates tourism segmentation marketing in respect to the Chinese and Taiwanese Gen Y tourists visiting Thailand, especially during the time of the tourism recovery period.

Article Details

How to Cite
Wannasan, S. ., & Jianvittayakit, L. (2022). Travel Motivations of Generation Y Chinese and Taiwanese Tourists Visiting Thailand: The Application of the Travel Career Pattern Approach. International Journal of Multidisciplinary in Management and Tourism, 6(1), 72–87. https://doi.org/10.14456/ijmmt.2022.7
Section
Articles
Author Biography

Sitanan Wannasan, Mahidol University International College, Thailand

Tourism and Hospitality Management Division, Mahidol University International College, Thailand

References

American Institute in Taiwan. (2017). Taiwan outbound travel tourism report. Retrieved from https://2016.export.gov/taiwan/build/groups/public/@eg_tw/documents/webcontent/eg_tw_114845.pdf

Bain & Company. (2021, December 20). From surging recovery to elegant advance: The evolving future of luxury. Bain & Company. https://www.bain.com/insights/from-surging-recovery-to-elegant-advance-the-evolving-future-of-luxury/

Bangkok Post. (2022, May 3). TAT aims to rekindle East Asian Market. Bangkok Post. https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2303994/tat-aims-to-rekindle-east-asian-market

BBC. (2021). What’s behind the China-Taiwan divide? BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34729538

Chen, C. J., & Li, W. C. (2020). A study on the hot spring leisure experience and happiness of Generation X and Generation Y in Taiwan. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 25(1), 39-51.

Choi, S., & Kim, J. (2018). Asian youth’s motivations and experience of short-term international field trips: Two cases of students in Macao, China, and Seoul, South Korea. In: Khoo-Lattimore, C., Yang, E. (eds) Asian Youth Travelers. Perspectives on Asian Tourism (pp. 39-60). Springer.

Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage.

Crompton, J. L. (1979). Motivations of pleasure vacation. Annals of Tourism Research, 6(4), 408–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(79)90004-5

Dann, G. (1977). Anomie, ego-enhancement and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 4(4), 184-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(77)90037-8

de Vrieze-McBean, E. R. (2016). The social, economic and cultural impact of Chinese millennial tourists on Europe: France as a case study. In Proceedings of 2nd Global Tourism & Hospitality Conference and 15th Asia Pacific Forum for Graduate Students Research in Tourism, 1 (pp. 144-164). Hong Kong 2016 Organizing Committee, School of Hotel and Tourism Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.

DeMarrais, K., & Lapan, S. D. (2004). Foundations for research: Methods of inquiry in education and the social sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Fedler, A. J. (1986). The social psychology of tourist behaviour. Philip L. Pearce. Journal of Leisure Research, 18(3), 213-214. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1986.11969660

Gardiner, S., & Kwek, A. (2017). Chinese participation in adventure tourism: A study of Generation Y international students’ perceptions. Journal of Travel Research, 56(4), 496–506. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287516646221

Glover, P. (2010). Generation Y’s future tourism demand: some opportunities and challenges (P. Benckendorff, G. Moscardo & D. Pendergast, Ed.). CAB International.

Hofstede-insights. (2022). Compare countries. Hofstede insights. https://www.hofstede-insights.com/fi/product/compare-countries/

Horne, D. (1992). The intelligent tourist. Margaret Gee Publishing

Huang, C. T., Yung, C. Y., & Huang, J. H. (1996). Trends in outbound tourism from Taiwan. Tourism Management, 17(3), 223-228.

Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1982). Toward a social psychological theory of tourism motivation: A rejoinder. Annals of Tourism Research, 9(2), 156-262.

Iso-Ahola, S. E., & Allen, J. R. (1982). The dynamics of leisure motivation: The effects of outcome on leisure needs. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 53(2), 141-149.

Johnson, P. C., Xu, H., & Arlt, W. G. (2020). Outbound Chinese tourism: looking back and looking forward. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 12(1), 1-7.

Khoo-Lattimore, C., Yang, E. C. L. (2018). Asian Youth Tourism: Contemporary Trends, Cases and Issues. In: Khoo-Lattimore, C., Yang, E. (eds) Asian Youth Travelers. Perspectives on Asian Tourism (pp.1-14). Springer.

McKinsey & Company. (2019). The Chinese luxury consumer. https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/china/the-chinese-luxury-consumer

Ministry of Tourism and Sports. (2019). Receipts from international tourist arrivals Q1-Q4 2019. Retrieved from https://www.mots.go.th/more_news_new.php?cid=615

Moscardo, G. & Benckendorff, P. (2010). Mythbusting: Generation Y and Travel (P. Benckendorff, G. Moscardo & D. Pendergast, Ed.). CAB International.

Nature. (2022). China’s zero-COVID strategy: what happens next? Nature. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-00191-7

Oktadiana, H., Pearce, P. L., Pusiran, A. K., & Agarwal, M. (2017). Travel career patterns: The motivations of Indonesian and Malaysian Muslim tourists. Tourism Culture & Communication, 17(4), 231-248.

Park, S. H., Hsieh, C.-M., & McNally, R. (2010). Motivations and marketing drivers of Taiwanese island tourists: comparing across

Penghu, Taiwan and Phuket, Thailand. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 15(3), 305–317.

Pearce, P. L. (1982). The social psychology of tourist behavior. Pergamon Press.

Pearce, P. L. (2005). Tourist behavior. Channel View Publications.

Pearce, P. L., & Lee, U. I. (2005). Developing the travel career approach to tourist motivation. Journal of travel research, 43(3), 226-237.

Quer, D., & Peng, J. (2021). Chinese outbound tourism segmentation: A systematic review and research agenda. Journal of China Tourism Research, 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1080 /19388160.2021.1966563

Sofronov, B. (2018). Millennials: A new trend for the tourism industry. Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series, 18(3), 109-122.

Song, H., & Bae, S. Y. (2018). Understanding the travel motivation and patterns of international students in Korea: Using the theory of travel career pattern. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 23(2), 133-145.

South China Morning Post. (2022). At Lunar New Year, Thailand pines for its missing Chinese tourists as Covid-19 keeps them away ahead of the Winter Olympics. https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/economics/article/3165497/lunar-new-year-thailand-pines-its-missing-chinese-tourists

Statista. (2022a). Total number of tourist arrivals from China to Thailand from 2014 to 2019. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1048386/thailand-tourist-arrivals-from-china/

Statista. (2022b). Total value of tourist’s expenditure in Thailand in 2019, by region of origin. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1140714/thailand-value-of-tourist-spending-by-region-of-origin/

Taecharungroj, V., & Mathayomchan, B. (2019). Analyzing trip advisor reviews of tourist attractions in Phuket, Thailand. Tourism Management, 75, 550-568.

Tsai, L. M., Sakulsinlapakorn, K., & Council, T. (2016). Exploring tourists’ push and pull travel motivations to participate in Songkran festival in Thailand as a tourist destination: a case of Taiwanese visitors. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 4(5), 183-197.

UNWTO. (2013). China’s New Landmark Tourism Strategy: The Outline for National Tourism and Leisure (2013−2020). http://asiapacific.unwto.org/en/news/2013-03-21/china-s-new-landmark-tourism-strategy-outline-national-tourism-and-leisure-2013-2020

World Travel & Tourism Council [WTTC] (2020). Economic impact reports -Thailand. WTTC. https://wttc.org/Research/Economic-Impact

Wu, J. S., Law, R., Fong, D. K. C., & Liu, J. (2019). Rethinking travel life cycle with travel career patterns. Tourism Recreation Research, 44(2), 272-277. https://doi.org/10.1080 /02508281.2018.1548994

Zhu, J. J., Airey, D., & Siriphon, A. (2021). Chinese outbound tourism: An alternative modernity perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, 87, 103152. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.annals.2021.103152