Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Thonburi University

Assessing the Safety of Pupils and Teachers in Secondary Schools: A Study of Chikun Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria

2025-08-26T16:33:44+07:00

This current research paper investigated the factors contributing to an insecure school environment, with reference to Chikun Local Government Area (CLGA), Kaduna State, Nigeria. We adopted the mixed-method approach to gather both quantitative and qualitative data, utilizing semi-structured questionnaires and interviews with 420 respondents, including pupils, teachers, and school administrators from twelve randomly selected secondary schools. The findings revealed that the major factors contributing to insecure school environments include bullying (95%), trespassing (95.2%), illicit drug and substance abuse (84.2%), sexual harassment (72%), and banditry activities (66.4%). Results showed that the majority (86%) of respondents reported their unawareness of school safety and emergency procedures. The study also identified inadequate funding for security measures (93.0%), a lack of training on safety measures (92%), and fear of reporting safety concerns to school management (88%) as the major challenges hindering efforts to ensure the safety of pupils and teachers in schools. In line with these results, the study suggests implementing mass awareness campaigns, maintaining physical infrastructure, implementing safe school initiatives, personal safety, and self-defense, reporting security concerns, and increasing funding for school security.

Dissecting ESG Ratings and The Role of Score Bands in Explaining Cross-Sectional Variation in Thai Stock Returns

2025-08-27T09:23:22+07:00

This study investigates the relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) scores and stock returns among listed firms on the Stock Exchange of Thailand in 2024. Using 858 firm-level observations, we apply a multiple linear regression framework controlling for firm size (LNSIZE), return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), earnings per share (EPS), and industry dummies. ESG scores are obtained from six providers, including SET ESG, Morningstar, ESG Book, MSCI, Refinitiv, and S&P Global. The empirical results reveal that certain ESG score bands—particularly from Morningstar and Refinitiv—have a statistically significant negative association with stock returns. This finding supports theories of investor inattention and mispricing, particularly for firms with lower ESG visibility. The study highlights that ESG band classifications may capture investor behavior more effectively than continuous scores. These findings offer valuable implications for sustainable investment strategy development, particularly in emerging markets where ESG integration remains nascent.

Strategies for Managing, Conserving, and Restoring Tourism Resources in Community-Based Tourism in Upper Northern Thailand during the Pandemic

2025-04-23T15:01:57+07:00

This research employed a mixed-methods approach with the following objectives: (1) to study the management, conservation, and restoration of tourism resources in tourism communities in the upper northern region during epidemic situations; (2) to examine the factors related to the management, conservation, and restoration of tourism resources in tourism communities; and (3) to propose strategies for the management, conservation, and restoration of tourism resources in tourism communities in the upper northern region of Thailand during epidemic situations. The sample consisted of 43 communities consisting of Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Lampang, Phrae, Nan and Mae Hong Son provinces. The instruments used included questionnaires and focus group discussions. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The research findings revealed: 1) general information about the communities, tourism support received from agencies, the overall level of tourism resource utilization in the communities, and the management of tourism resources in tourism communities; 2) the analysis of related factors showed that the education level of community leaders, the tourism support received, and the level of tourism resource utilization in the communities collectively explained 36.90% of the variance in the management, conservation, and restoration of tourism resources in tourism communities in the upper northern region during epidemic situations (R2=0.369, F=2.919, P<0.05); and 3) six strategies for the management, conservation, and restoration of tourism resources in tourism communities in the upper northern region during epidemic situations, derived from the PDCA cycle analysis. Particular emphasis should be placed on Strategy 1: Management, Conservation, and Restoration of Tourism Resources in Tourism Communities and Strategy 5: Promotion of Marketing and Tour Services in Tourism Communities.

Design Concept of Virtual Reality Simulation Learning Using Game-Based Inquiry to Promote Problem Solving Skills of Tour Guides

2025-07-16T09:26:44+07:00

This research is a conceptual design of a virtual simulation learning environment using games as a foundation, combined with inquiry-based learning, to enhance the problem-solving skills of tour guides. The objectives are as follows: 1) to synthesize a virtual simulation learning model using games as a foundation combined with inquiry-based learning to enhance the problem-solving skills of tour guides, and 2) to evaluate the virtual simulation learning model using games as a foundation combined with inquiry-based learning to enhance the problem-solving skills of tour guides by 10 experts. The model consists of four parts: 1) preparation, 2) learning management process, 3) measurement and evaluation tools, and 4) problem-solving skills. The evaluation results indicate that this model can be applied in learning management.

Guidelines for enhancing employee engagement among drivers in the Eastern Economic Corridor

2025-07-01T09:18:47+07:00

This study aimed to 1) examine job characteristics and work experience factors of drivers in employee shuttle service companies in the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC), 2) assess their organizational commitment, and 3) propose enhancement guidelines to improve work efficiency and promote long-term sustainability. A mixed-method approach was applied. Quantitative data were collected from 343 Type 2 licensed drivers using a questionnaire with a reliability coefficient (Cronbach’s Alpha) of 0.948. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 7 selected informants.

The findings showed high levels of job characteristics, work experience, and organizational commitment. Recommended strategies include aligning jobs with capabilities, encouraging participation, flexible schedules, diverse evaluations, recognition and rewards, advancement beyond education, knowledge sharing, stable benefits, and supportive leadership in a positive environment.

Guidelines for Developing Cultural Tourism Businesses in Lamphun Province to Propel the City Toward a Creative Economy

2025-05-20T10:02:38+07:00

The objectives of this research are 1) To study the environment and potential of cultural tourism in Lamphun Province, 2) To analyze the factors influencing the development of cultural tourism businesses in Lamphun Province, and 3) To propose strategies for driving Lamphun towards becoming a creative economy city. This is a qualitative research. The research has 15 key informants using a purposive sampling method, consisting of tourism experts, community entrepreneurs, and tourists in Lamphun Province. Semi-structured interviews and non-participant observations were employed as the main research tools. The findings reveal that 1) The environment and potential of cultural tourism in Lamphun Province – The development of cultural tourism in Lamphun demonstrates significant potential due to its diverse cultural and historical resources. 2) The exhibition of handicrafts or cultural activities should be promoted through public relations and support from the government sector, and systematic collaboration with local communities are enhanced, Lamphun can develop sustainably as a creative economy city, promoting the local economy and social wellbeing effectively. and 3) Strategies for driving Lamphun towards a creative economy city – The primary focus should be on the conservation and development of cultural and historical resources. Strengthening partnerships with local communities through training and promoting their roles in local activities will contribute to sustainable development. Implementing these strategies will position Lamphun as a model of a creative economy city, generating long-term economic stability and prosperity for the region.

The Comparison of Learning Achievement of Undergraduate Student in Thai Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University Admitted through the Thai University Central Admission System (TCAS) Academic Year 2023

2025-05-18T09:14:49+07:00

This research aims to compare of learning achievement of undergraduate students in Thai program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, who were admitted through the Thai University Central Admission System (TCAS) academic year 2023. The comparison is based on the admission round, school group, and admission program. A total of 202 first-year undergraduate students were included in the study. The research revealed that students admitted through different TCAS rounds had significantly differing academic achievements at the 0.05 level. Students admitted in rounds 1/2 demonstrated the highest learning achievement, with most having cumulative GPAs (CUM-GPAs) between 3.51 and 4.00, followed by those admitted in rounds 3 and 2, respectively. Furthermore, no significant differences in academic achievements were found between students from general schools and science schools in TCAS rounds 1/2 and 2. However, in TCAS round 3, students from science schools showed significantly higher academic achievements than those from general schools at the 0.05 level. In addition, students admitted through both unclassified and classified admission programs in TCAS rounds 1/2 demonstrated the highest academic achievement. The findings of this study may serve as evidence-based input for enhancing student admission strategies and informing the formulation of educational policies at the Faculty of Science, Mahidol University in future academic years.

Cultural identity for tourism in the vicinity of the gold mining area of Phu Thap Fah, Loei Province

2025-06-04T11:51:58+07:00

The purposes of this research were 1) to investigate the cultural identity in the vicinity of the gold mining area of Phu-Thap-Fah, Loei Province, and 2) to promote cultural tourism of the gold mine of Phu-Thap-Fah, Loei Province. The researcher interviewed villagers, recorded audio, captured photographs, and actively observed the community to collect primary data for this study. The findings of research results found that the expression of cultural identity through the lifestyle of villagers in the Phu-Thap-Fah gold mine, Loei Province, which has a lifestyle pattern that gives rise to the cultural identity in two aspects: First, the aspect of traditions and religion is reflected in annual merit-making festivals and local rituals, which continue to play a vital role in community life. Second, the culinary aspect is seen in the preservation and transmission of local wisdom in food preparation, using natural ingredients available in the region. These identities represent the community’s strong bond with natural resources, traditional beliefs, and a unique way of life. Furthermore, they hold great potential for sustainable cultural tourism development. Such development emphasizes community participation in the processes of cultural preservation, income generation, and the intergenerational transfer of cultural heritage.

Factors Affecting the Success of the Women's Fish Processing Group: A Case Study of Ban Tha Bo, Village No. 6, Tambon Tha Bo Songkhram, Amphoe Si Songkhram, Nakhon Phanom Province

2025-08-24T08:34:58+07:00

This qualitative research examined the factors influencing the success of the Women’s Processed Fish Product Group: A Case Study of Ban Tha Bo, Village No. 6, Tha Bo Songkhram Sub-district, Si Songkhram District, Nakhon Phanom Province. The study aimed (1) to identify the factors contributing to the group’s success and (2) to explore its operational processes. Ten key informants participated, including five committee members and five group members. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews and analyzed using content analysis. The results highlighted eight factors contributing to success: (1) effective leadership and management, (2) systematic planning and clear task allocation, (3) active member participation, (4) transparent regulations on capital contributions, (5) support from government agencies, (6) use of quality raw materials combined with local wisdom, (7) environmental and ecological awareness, and (8) honesty and social responsibility. The group’s operational processes comprised five elements: (1) participatory decision-making in production methods, (2) compliance with sanitation standards, (3) maintenance and cleanliness of facilities, (4) establishment of marketing systems and online promotion with adaptive sales strategies, and (5) financial management through accounting for fair profit distribution.