Journal of Multidisciplinary in Social Sciences

Book Review: Marginalisation and Human Rights in Southeast Asia

Rahmad Hidayat — Fri, 25 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This review comprehensively analyzes a book exploring marginalization and human rights in the Southeast Asian region. The book is a tool for contemplating the lived experiences of several marginalized populations, encompassing ethnic minorities, children, indigenous communities, migrant laborers, refugees, scholars, and individuals with disabilities. Various types of marginalization, including discrimination and social exclusion, can emerge due to ethnic associations, religious convictions, national backgrounds, cultural distinctions, political alliances, and involvement in specialized professional spheres. The book demonstrates a notable capacity to offer a complete theoretical foundation for understanding the concept of marginalization. Through its portrayal of marginalization, this literary work has the potential to increase critical consciousness surrounding human rights concerns in Southeast Asia and inspire the initiation of efforts by relevant stakeholders to foster a more inclusive socio-political transformation within the region. Including more case studies on marginalization and human rights breaches in Southeast Asian nations would be beneficial to augment the book's comprehensiveness. That would facilitate a more comprehensive comprehension of the obstacles encountered by marginalized communities. Moreover, the incorporation of gender analysis into the examination of strategies aimed at eradicating marginalization and promoting human rights in Southeast Asia would augment the scholarly rigor and accuracy of publications about social inequity.

The Ecosystem Facilitating Sustainable Corporate Social Responsibility for Industrial Organizations in Thailand

Sanit Noonin, Kanokwara Phuangprayong — Fri, 25 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has emerged as a strategic imperative for organizations seeking to make meaningful contributions to sustainable development. This study aims to identify the key factors that drive successful CSR initiatives and to examine the broader ecosystem that enables the sustainable implementation of CSR within industrial organizations in Thailand. Adopting a qualitative research design, data were collected through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with CSR executives from 17 industrial organizations that received the Prime Minister’s Industry Award for Corporate Social Responsibility between 2018 and 2022. Thematic content analysis was employed to analyze the data. The findings indicate that a robust CSR ecosystem comprises both internal and external enabling factors. Internal drivers include strong leadership commitment, clearly articulated CSR policies, strategic resource allocation, dedicated personnel, and the integration of innovation and technology into CSR practices. External drivers encompass collaborative networks with stakeholders and compliance with national and international CSR standards and best practices. The insights gained from this study provide strategic guidance for industrial and non-industrial organizations, as well as regulatory and support bodies, in fostering effective CSR ecosystems. By aligning internal capabilities with external collaborations, organizations can enhance the impact, efficiency, and sustainability of their CSR efforts, ultimately contributing to long-term national and global sustainable development goals.

Development of Strengthening Higher Education Institution Models for Sustainable Development of Local Communities

Punpermsak Aruni, Poom Moolsilpa, Cholvit Jearajit — Fri, 11 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to develop a model for enhancing the role of higher education institutions (HEIs) in supporting the sustainable development of local communities. The model was informed by policies from Thailand’s Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research, and Innovation, as well as the actions of HEIs related to systematic local community development between 2019 and 2023. A mixed-methods approach was employed, utilizing questionnaire-based data collection from sample groups, followed by an evaluation of the proposed model through focus group discussions on relevance, suitability, and feasibility. The survey instruments, including a structured questionnaire and focus group and in-depth interviews, were validated through a literature review of relevant documents related to HEIs' contributions to local community development. The sample comprised representatives from 85 out of 104 eligible HEIs. Data were evaluated by three focus groups: (1) Eight representatives from Ministry executives and higher education experts, (2) Eight representatives from HEI executives in the Area-based and Community Engagement group, and (3) four representatives from leaders or specialists in local community development, which led to the development of the model. The model was further verified by in-depth interviews with three higher education experts.
The results from the questionnaires indicated that the Ministry’s policies significantly supported HEIs in local community development, with an average support rate of 89.00%, high suitability at 86.00%, and robust evidence of policy-driven action plans at 79.20%. Further analysis revealed that the model was highly aligned with local community development principles, particularly the Integrated Sub-district Economic and Social Enhancement Project, University to Tumbon (U2T), and the Post-COVID Economy and Social Development Project with Bio-Circular-Green (BCG) economy, which received the highest alignment scores (81.60% on average). This was followed by policies promoting HEI grouping and participation in the Times Higher Education (THE) Impact Rankings, with average scores of 78.80% and 75.80%, respectively. Focus group evaluations indicated that the proposed model effectively addressed local community needs. In-depth interviews further confirmed the model's completeness, particularly in terms of the mechanisms for translating policies into actionable strategies at the local level, making it suitable for integration into Ministry action plans. The research demonstrated that local communities could be significantly developed through collaborative efforts between the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, HEIs, local communities, and other stakeholders. The models to strengthen HEIs for sustainable local community development could be further refined through actions at various institutional levels, aligned with national and ministry-level policies. The study recommends the formulation of draft policies that clearly define the roles and actions of HEI networks, which have proven to be key drivers of sustainable local community development.

Model of Collaborative Network for Promoting the Enhancement of Educational Provision Efficiency of Child Development Center under Local Administrative Organization

Fri, 11 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The objectives of this research are to: 1) develop a collaborative network model to enhance the efficiency of educational provision in child development centers under the Local Administrative Organization, and 2) examine the quality of the developed collaborative network model. This research and development (R&D) study collected quantitative data from 1,620 questionnaires, which exhibited high content validity as assessed by experts and the stakeholders. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and latent growth curve model analysis. Additionally, qualitative data were gathered from documents and related research papers encompassing 158 Thai and international studies. Expert-verified content validity interviews were conducted with 56 stakeholders and experts. Key findings showed that the collaborative network model for enhancing educational management efficiency included components such as directions, background, model development guidance, model objectives, model construction, operational plan, activity setting guidance, model documentation, and model evaluation. The four operational components of model were: 1) Related and Specific (RS), 2) Unique and Optional (UO), 3) Informative and Challenging (IC), and 4) Flexible and Adaptable (FA). The model’s main principle followed the quality development process of the PDCA Cycle with monitoring. The self-assessment of the staff in child development centers was applied based on the model’s operation. Empowerment, along with supervision and external quality assessment from the researchers, was used to achieve the developed indicators. Model evaluations involved all stakeholders, including heads of the child development centers, early childhood teachers, network partners, and model trial evaluators. The quality examination of the model, through in-depth interviews with three groups of stakeholders (child development centers, higher education institutions that produce childhood teachers, network partners, and experts), indicated that this developed model was appropriate regarding content, activities, and processing time. The trial process revealed that the latent growth curve model of the collaborative network for enhancing educational provision efficiency increased linear relationships across inputs, processes, and outputs/outcomes of the three models. Growth rate analyses of collaborative network indicators found that from April 2023 to June 2023, the rates ranged from 0.294 to 0.459, and from June 2023 to September 2023, the rates ranged from 0.497 to 0.598. The initial means ranged from 1.756 to 1.985, with slope means ranging from 0.529 to 0.813. The analysis of three models fit well with empirical data. 2) The results of the model quality verification, obtained from in-depth interviews with three groups of stakeholders—child development centers, higher education institution that produces childhood teachers, network partners, and experts—revealed that this developed model was appropriate in terms of content, activities, and processing time. The trial process demonstrated the latent growth curve model of collaboration network for enhancing educational provision efficiency showed an increase in linear growth across inputs, processes, and outputs/outcomes. The growth rate analyses of collaborative network indicators found that from April 2023 to June 2023, the rates ranged from 0.294 to 0.459, and June 2023 to September 2023, the rates ranged from 0.497 to 0.598. The initial means ranged from 1.756 to 1.985, with slope means ranging from 0.529 to 0.813. The analysis of three models fitted well with empirical data.

Impact of a Knowledge Management Program for Youths on the Preservation of the Kolae Boat Model Craft

Abdullah Chelong; Mareekee Madeng — Fri, 11 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study examines the impact of a knowledge management (KM) program on the preservation of the Kolae boat model craft among youths in Narathiwat Province, Thailand. Specifically, it evaluates changes in participants’ knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors before and after the program’s implementation. A total of 15 youths from Ban Thon, a coastal village in Narathiwat, were selected through an application process coordinated by the community youth council. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, utilizing (1) a KM program designed for the preservation of Kolae boat craftsmanship, (2) pre- and post-program questionnaires using a five-point Likert scale to assess changes in perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors, and (3) semi-structured interviews conducted before and after the program. Quantitative data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and t-tests, while qualitative data were examined through content analysis. The findings indicate a significant improvement in participants’ perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors toward KM for the preservation of Kolae boat craftsmanship, with post-program scores reaching a statistically significant level (p < .01). The youths demonstrated enhanced knowledge and more positive attitudes toward cultural heritage, and their behaviors increasingly reflected a commitment to cultural preservation within their community.

Influence of Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility on Firm Performance: Mediating Role of Intellectual Capital

Panamon Chantabutr, Tipparat Laohavichien — Fri, 25 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study investigates the effects of corporate governance (CG) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on firm performance, with a particular focus on the mediating role of intellectual capital (IC). Drawing upon the resource-based theory, the research employs secondary data obtained from financial and annual reports of non-financial firms listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) during 2016–2017. To analyze the relationships among the constructs, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied. The findings indicate that both CG and CSR exert an indirect positive influence on firms’ financial and marketing performance through IC. This underscores the critical role of IC as a strategic asset that enables organizations to translate good governance practices and CSR initiatives into tangible performance outcomes. The study contributes to the growing body of literature highlighting the importance of leveraging intellectual capital in achieving sustainable competitive advantage. It also offers practical implications for corporate leaders and policymakers aiming to enhance firm performance through integrated governance, social responsibility, and knowledge-based assets. Future research should expand the scope by evaluating performance through environmental and social dimensions to provide a more holistic view of corporate sustainability.

Effects of Utilizing Mobile-Assisted Language Learning through YouTube and TikTok Applications on Enhancing English Communication Skills for Higher Education Students as Generation Z Learners

Rattana Klinjuy — Thu, 24 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to (1) examine the perspectives and needs of Generation Z university students regarding the use of mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) through YouTube and TikTok to enhance English communication skills; (2) investigate the effects of MALL via these platforms on students' communication performance; and (3) explore students’ perceptions of MALL integration in their language learning experiences. The participants were 12 third-year undergraduate students enrolled in the English in Early Childhood Classroom course. Research instruments included: (1) a needs and perspectives questionnaire; (2) pre- and post-listening tests and formative speaking assessments; and (3) a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire along with open-ended questions to gather both quantitative and qualitative data on students’ perceptions. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, percentile, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, and content analysis. Findings revealed that students perceived YouTube and TikTok as effective tools for improving pronunciation and listening comprehension, particularly in understanding diverse accents and developing clearer speech. They reported motivation to participate in speaking activities and acquire practical vocabulary for real-life communication. Post-intervention results demonstrated significant improvement in students’ English communication skills. Listening test scores increased from a pre-test mean of 29.1 (SD = 5.75) to a post-test mean of 41.3 (SD = 5.33), with a statistically significant difference at the .002 level. The average speaking proficiency score reached 80.17%, surpassing the 70% benchmark with significance at the .05 level. Students expressed positive perceptions of MALL via YouTube and TikTok, noting the platforms’ engaging nature, ease of access to learning materials, and support for intercultural competence. These findings highlight the potential of integrating popular digital platforms into EFL instruction to foster effective and engaging learning environments for Generation Z learners. The study underscores the importance of leveraging technology to enhance language education in contemporary academic settings.

Integration of International Standards (the GHA WellHotel and GBAC STAR Standard) and Thainess Services for Wellness Tourism: An Onion Model Approach

Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Wellness tourism has seen growing global interest, particularly in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, which heightened tourists' awareness of health, safety, and hygiene. As Thailand seeks to reposition itself as a leading wellness destination, the integration of international standards with culturally distinctive services is essential. This study explores how two internationally recognized standards—the GHA WellHotel and GBAC STAR—can be harmonized with elements of “Thainess” to develop a high-quality, hygienic, and culturally immersive experience for health-conscious travelers. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this research aimed to (1) develop a prototype hotel or wellness establishment offering sports and spa services that meet both GHA WellHotel and GBAC STAR certification criteria, and (2) integrate Thai identity into these services. Data were collected from 242 participants, including hotel executives, employees, entrepreneurs, consultants, academics, and tourists, through surveys and in-depth interviews. Findings revealed exceptionally high levels of organizational commitment among employees, particularly in terms of work effort. Customer satisfaction with the prototype hotel was also at the highest level, reflecting evolving tourist preferences that prioritize health, safety, and cultural authenticity. The prototype, developed through a synthesis of qualitative and quantitative data, is conceptualized using the “Onion Model,” comprising six interconnected layers. This model illustrates how the integration of global standards and Thai service identity can contribute to the sustainable advancement of wellness tourism in Thailand.

Enhancing Self-Directed Learning, Academic Self-Efficacy, and Student Performance in Science, Technology, and Society under Modular Distance Learning

Ronel B. Amorin, Helen C. Orbino — Fri, 25 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Understanding the factors influencing academic performance is particularly crucial in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially under modular distance learning (MDL) conditions. This descriptive-correlational study investigates the relationships among self-directed learning skills, academic self-efficacy, and student performance in the Science, Technology, and Society (STS) course during the implementation of MDL. A total of 550 university students were purposively selected from an initial population of 694 enrolled in STS courses at West Visayas State University – Calinog Campus, Iloilo, Philippines, during the academic years 2020–2021 and 2021–2022. Data were collected through Google Forms, using pilot-tested instruments measuring self-directed learning and academic self-efficacy. Final course grades were used to determine STS performance. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were applied, with a significance level set at α = 0.05. Findings revealed that the majority of respondents demonstrated high levels of self-directed learning skills and academic self-efficacy. In terms of performance, most students achieved “satisfactory” to “very satisfactory” grades, with a smaller number attaining “outstanding” and “highly outstanding” outcomes—highlighting adaptability and resilience in a modular learning environment. Moreover, significant positive correlations were found among self-directed learning skills, academic self-efficacy, and academic performance. These results underscore the importance of integrating strategies that promote self-regulated learning and academic confidence into teaching practices, curriculum design, and policy formulation. The findings contribute to the development of targeted interventions aimed at improving student outcomes, particularly in higher education institutions implementing module-based or flexible learning modalities in the post-pandemic educational landscape.

The Characteristics of Agile Human Resource Practices: A Systematic Literature Review Approach

Natpimol Pengpao, Chiraprapha Akaraborworn — Wed, 05 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This qualitative research aims to investigate the characteristics of Agile Human Resource Practices (AHRPs) that facilitate adaptive practices within organizations. The research methodology employed a systematic literature review, which serves as a valuable tool for organizational management to embrace rapid changes in both the present and future. Prominent organizations globally, particularly in Western countries such as Google, Amazon, and Microsoft, have adopted agile practices to gain a competitive edge, while Eastern countries are beginning to learn and develop similar approaches. In the context of a rapidly changing world characterized by volatility, unpredictability, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA), and in light of the transformative impact of COVID-19, organizations have been compelled to adapt for survival during crises. The management of roles and responsibilities across all dimensions must be re-evaluated to enable an agile working environment, which is essential for organizations to maintain long-term competitiveness. Traditional human resource management may no longer adequately serve organizations operating in diverse contexts. The findings of this research identify six key characteristics of AHRPs: Flexibility, Speed, Flow, Adaptability, Customer Orientation, Team Collaboration, and Technology (3FACTT), which collectively represent the essential traits of AHRPs that benefit organizational management. Furthermore, this study provides a foundation for future research aimed at examining the characteristics of agile HR practices, particularly for HR practitioners seeking to develop and design organizations for the future.

Fusing Constructivism with Experience Economy Theory: A Framework for Understanding and Enhancing Millennial Visitors' Museum Experiences

Tesfaye Fentaw Nigatu, Alexander Trupp, Pek Yen Teh — Fri, 11 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Understanding the experiences of Millennial museum visitors requires an interdisciplinary approach that considers the interplay of pedagogical, andragogical, psychological, sociological, and cognitive processes. As a distinct generational cohort, Millennials exhibit unique characteristics such as a preference for intellectual engagement, experiential sharing, active social media use, and a strong sense of diversity and social consciousness. These traits shape their educational and entertainment experiences, making their museum experiences particularly complex to study. To address this complexity, this conceptual paper integrates constructivism and experience economy theory to develop a novel framework for analyzing Millennial museum visitor experiences. Through a comprehensive literature review, we synthesize these two theoretical perspectives. We identify key visitor-driven factors such as visit duration, repetition, circulation patterns, consumption trends, museum-centric factors like localism in learning, psychological and behavioral development, and heritage interpretation techniques. The resulting framework provides a holistic understanding of Millennial preferences, offering insights into how museums can enhance engagement, promote deeper content exploration, and improve heritage interpretation practices. This study advances theoretical knowledge and offers practical insights for museums and other cultural institutions seeking to enhance visitor experiences, particularly to cater to the evolving needs of Millennial audiences. Furthermore, this theory synthesis framework contributes to the growing discourse on generational differences in educative leisure behavior and cultural consumption, offering a foundation for future empirical studies.

Promoting Environmental Awareness and Factors Affecting the Success of EESD Schools in Thailand for Sustainable Development

Polpipat Wattanasettanukul, Sirinthorn Sinjindawong, Chaiwichit Chaenchana — Fri, 25 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study investigates the role of Environmental Education for Sustainable Development (EESD) in promoting environmental awareness and advancing sustainable development within Thai educational institutions. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with seven school administrators, supported by document analysis and a synthesis of relevant literature. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors contributing to the success of EESD schools in Thailand. The article is organized into five sections: the Introduction emphasizes the importance of education in addressing sustainability challenges; the Environmental Education for Sustainable Development section establishes the theoretical and conceptual foundations of EESD; the EESD Schools section traces the global and national evolution of EESD implementation; the Factors Affecting the Success of EESD Schools identifies four key drivers of effectiveness: (1) Clear Vision to Action, highlighting visionary leadership; (2) Essential Mechanisms for Driving Educational Excellence, underscoring the role of experiential and participatory teaching; (3) Combined Efforts and Shared Resources, reflecting collaborative and efficient school management; and (4) Environmental Awareness in the Hearts of Youth, demonstrating the impact of EESD on student behavior and values. The findings reveal that EESD significantly fosters environmental consciousness and sustainable behaviors among students. Successful implementation relies on strategic leadership, integrated pedagogical approaches, collaborative resource management, and active community involvement. The Implications and Future Research section offers policy recommendations for strengthening the Whole School Approach and enhancing school-community collaboration, while also calling for future studies to assess the long-term impacts of EESD programs. This research highlights the transformative power of education in cultivating environmental stewardship and underscores the pivotal role of schools as agents of sustainable development in Thailand.