Journal of Population and Social Studies [JPSS]

Parenting Style in Efforts to Maintain the Cultural Values of the Osing Community in Kemiren Village, Banyuwangi Regency, Indonesia

Gunarti Dwi Lestari — 2024-04-26

This research examines parenting patterns in maintaining the cultural values of the Osing community in Kemiren Village. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data was collected using observation techniques, documentation studies, and in-depth interviews. Data analysis was carried out using the interactive model of Miles et al. (2014). The results of this research show how important the role of parents is in maintaining foreign cultural values for the next generation by implementing appropriate parenting patterns so that school-aged children can easily accept them. Apart from that, parents also collaborate with Sanggar Sapu Jagad to provide direct and indirect learning. Informal education is applied as a parenting style for parents to maintain cultural values. Research suggestions are given to parents to continue to provide parenting patterns that adapt to developments in the era of globalization and have a sense of maintaining the traditional values of the Osing community to be continued in the next generation.

Exploring the Determinants of Child Marriage Among Males and Females in Vietnam: A Survival Analysis

Nguyen Van Bao — 2024-04-26

While the determinants of child marriage among females have been well-documented, there is a lack of research on the determinants of child marriage among males. In Vietnam, where child marriage persists despite legal restrictions, understanding the profile of child grooms and brides is crucial for developing effective interventions. This study aims to bridge the gap in the literature by using Cox proportional hazards regression models to investigate the determinants of child marriage among males and females. The findings of this research reveal that higher levels of education, ideally extending up to upper secondary and tertiary levels, can significantly reduce the likelihood of child marriage between the two genders. Additionally, individuals from ethnic minority groups have a much higher likelihood of getting married at an early age compared to those from the majority ethnic groups, with boys from ethnic minority communities facing a disproportionately higher risk compared to girls. Furthermore, men and boys living in the Mekong River Delta region are more prone to getting married early than their peers in the Red River Delta, while girls from the countryside are more likely to enter into child marriage compared to those in urban areas. These findings are crucial for policymakers when designing policy interventions aimed at preventing child marriage, thereby promoting gender equality and protecting children's rights in Vietnam.

Traditional Chinese and Mongolian Medicine Utilization Among Hypertensive Older Adults: Community Health Institutions, Hohhot, China

Min Wei — 2024-04-04

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and traditional Mongolian medicine (TMM) systems treat hypertension in community health institutions within China's Inner Mongolia autonomous region. This paper aims to investigate the use and influence of TCM and TMM among hypertensive older Chinese adults receiving treatment at these community health institutions. A cross-sectional survey method was used in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. A total of 1,499 completed questionnaires were collected from eight community health service centers in four municipal districts of Hohhot between May and June 2022. In all, 662 (44.2%) respondents had used community hypertension treatment services in the last year. Of the 662 respondents, 213 (32.2%) used TCM hypertension treatment services, and 64 (9.7%) used TMM treatment services less frequently and at a lower cost. Chinese herbal medicine (63.5%) and Mongolian herbal medicine (74%) were used more than other treatments. Cognition, attitude, and service provision were the main factors that affected service utilization. Ethnicity also had an impact on TMM’s service utilization. Older Chinese adults with hypertension did not fully utilize the TCM and TMM services provided. Further promotion and expansion of traditional medicine are needed from relevant government and health institutions.

Illness Perception, Coping, and Self-Care Adherence Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

Nambiar Veena Chindankutty — 2024-03-27

Understanding the key factors in managing type 2 diabetes over the long term has become necessary. This study aims to explore the association between illness perception, coping, and self-care adherence among adults with type 2 diabetes and find the influence of illness perception and coping on self-care adherence. A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from 123 adults with type 2 diabetes aged between 30 and 55 years. The questionnaires included the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), Brief COPE, Self-Care Inventory-Revised (SCI-R), and a personal information sheet. A significant correlation was found between illness perception, maladaptive and adaptive coping strategies, and self-care adherence. Adaptive coping, illness perception, and maladaptive coping strategies together explained a 59.9% variance in self-care adherence (F(3, 119) = 59.29, p < .001). The study highlights the importance of developing a less threatening perception of the illness and enhancing the practice of adaptive coping strategies for achieving better self-care adherence among people with type 2 diabetes. This study signifies the need for a collaborative approach by healthcare professionals, mental health providers, and policymakers to provide accurate diabetes self-management knowledge and develop interventions tailored to individuals’ needs.

Analyzing the Role of Social Workers in Supporting People Living With HIV in New York City During the 1990s

Azahah Abu Hassan Shaari — 2024-03-21

Social workers play a crucial role in empowering people living with HIV (PLHIV) and their family members. This qualitative study aimed to reflect social workers’ experiences working with PLHIV in New York City in the 1990s. Using a qualitative narrative inquiry method and convenience sampling technique, two social workers who experienced working with PLHIV in New York City in the 1990s were interviewed for this study. Findings revealed that since the beginning of the epidemic, social workers have played crucial roles in providing a range of psychosocial services for PLHIV, including individual therapy and support groups. Furthermore, social workers acted as advocates who demanded social rights and social justice for the HIV population. Finally, social workers, in the early discovery of HIV, collaborated with the community of PLHIV to establish some of the early nonprofit organizations to overcome the structural barriers, including gender inequity and stigma, for PLHIV to live well.

Developing a Social Media-Based Communication System Between Rural Healthcare Providers and Expert Medical Personnel in Bokeo Province, Laos PDR

Krissana Kapheak — 2024-03-12

This qualitative study investigates the development of a social media-based communication system designed to enhance interprofessional communication in Maternal and Child Health (MCH) services between rural healthcare providers and expert medical personnel (EMP) in Bokeo Province, Laos. The study addresses the issue of high maternal mortality rates attributed to poor infrastructure and the lack of timely medical interventions. It proposes using WhatsApp, a popular social media platform in Laos, to bridge this communication gap. Employing a participatory action research approach, the study involved 269 healthcare providers and four EMPs in focus group discussions. These discussions were instrumental in identifying unique communication challenges and potential solutions. Thematic analysis of the data revealed significant barriers to seeking expert advice and underscored the potential of digital health solutions like WhatsApp in overcoming these obstacles. To successfully implement such a system, considerations must include privacy, professionalism, consistent internet connectivity, adequate training, and clear usage guidelines. This study informs the development of a context-specific, comprehensive strategy that integrates technological, infrastructural, financial, educational, and cultural elements to enhance MCH outcomes in remote areas of Laos.

Social Capital in Social Construction: In-Depth Investigation of Early Marriages in Bawean Island, Indonesia

Muhammad Zulfi Al'Ghani — 2024-03-06

Early marriage in Bawean Island involved long-term experiences and understanding of actors' sociocultural. The phenomenon of early marriage has never been studied using social construction. This research aims to reveal the social construction of early marriage through the dialectical situation of externalization, objectivation, and internalization in early marriage. This research uses a qualitative case study approach by collecting data through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. This research was conducted on Bawean Island with 31 participants throughout 2023. The results of this study were as follows: first, actors perceived and interpreted early marriage as avoiding social sanctions (out-of-wedlock pregnancy) to avoid social embarrassment; economic solutions; religion does not prohibit early marriage; avoiding religious sanctions; and early marriage is not considered to violate state law and can be legalized. Second, early marriage continued because parents and other social organizations, such as religious leaders and hamlet heads, acquired social capital. The role of hamlet heads in supporting the administration and testifying in the marriage dispensation trial is regarded as objective, allowing the state to legalize early marriages. In addition to continuing practical programs aimed at female actors, outreach to the entire family about the dangers of early marriage, and adding psychological and health expert witnesses to trials, special consideration must be given to social capital, which needs to be taken into account in future research.

Psychological Experience of Juvenile Offenders in Correctional Institutions: A Systematic Review Of Qualitative Studies

Jesika Juliana — 2024-03-05

Juvenile delinquency is at a worrisome rate in every part of the world. The juvenile offenders themselves are in a vulnerable period of development while also living in the difficult situation of detainment. However, challenges that juvenile offenders face in correctional institutions, how they construct their reality about detainment as well as their mental health needs have not been widely addressed. Research on juvenile offenders’ psychological experiences is not sufficiently documented and expressed. Hence, much less attention or programs were directed to address these obstacles. This review aims to present the psychological experience of juvenile offenders in correctional institutions. The systematic review examined qualitative studies over a 10-year period that were published between 2012 and 2022 from five databases, resulting in 16 articles mostly indexed in SCOPUS. The study utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework and the narrative synthesis approach. Moreover, the findings provide empirical evidence that juvenile offenders’ psychological experiences (i.e., negative and positive emotions) are evident throughout their detainment, and interaction with staff and peers is crucial in defining it. Therefore, some of the challenges of living in correctional institutions include the feeling of boredom, strict regulations, and lack of care. Hence, education on adaptive coping, expanded vocational opportunities, and programs providing warmth, safety, and positive environments are crucial to rehabilitating offenders.

Unmet Healthcare Needs and Their Determining Factors: Addressing Inequalities in Access to Healthcare in Myanmar

Chit Su Tinn — 2024-02-18

Myanmar aims to achieve universal health coverage by 2030 through the 2017–2021 National Health Plan while providing nearly cost-free healthcare services at public facilities. Nonetheless, concerns regarding healthcare access persist. This study examined healthcare access in Myanmar by identifying the prevalence, determinants, and reasons behind unmet healthcare needs (UHN), which occur when an individual needs healthcare but cannot access it. Descriptive statistical analysis and binary logistic regression were employed using data obtained from 318 residents of Tat Kon Township, Nay Pyi Taw. Among the participants, 23.6% experienced UHN. Specifically, individuals with low income, daily-waged workers, rural residents, younger individuals, and females reported high UHN. The primary reason was the unavailability of healthcare facilities (46.7%), followed by competing personal priorities (19%) and treatment or transportation costs (14%). The government could consider expanding public healthcare infrastructure and implementing a nationwide health insurance system. Continuing the geographic expansion of health services to address the needs of rural residents and extending service hours to accommodate individuals engaged in daily-waged or full-time employment are recommended. These efforts could be complemented by improving public transportation infrastructure, promoting income security, and supporting gender equity to facilitate access to healthcare services.

Risk Perception of Cannabis Use Among a Sample of Thai Cannabis Users

Francois R. Lamy — 2024-02-18

Amid the recent cannabis legalization in Thailand, this research captured and analyzed cannabis-related health risk perception among Thai cannabis users. This study used a cross-sectional design with 376 Thailand-based cannabis users recruited through an anonymous online survey from July to August 2022 using the SurveyMonkey application. Descriptive analysis and ordinary least squares regression analysis were performed to describe overall respondents’ characteristics and to identify predictors of low cannabis health-risk perception. Out of 376 respondents, 24.2% perceived cannabis as not risky for health, 46% considered cannabis as low risk, 26.6% as moderate risk, 2.7% as high risk, and 0.5% as most risky. Perceived risk of using cannabis was lower among respondents who had a higher perceived benefit of using cannabis (β = -0.133), a lower education level (β = -0.342), were full-time employed (β = -0.271,) and used cannabis more than twenty days in the past month compared to their counterparts (β = -0.373). Our results suggest that using cannabis in any form and frequency is perceived as a no to low health risk consumption by Thai cannabis users, calling for additional prevention and cannabis health literacy efforts.

Exploring the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Returnee Migrant Workers’ Income, Psychological Well-Being, and Daily Life Expenses: A Case Study in Thua Thien Hue Province

Nguyet Thi Anh Tran — 2024-02-11

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the lives, economies, and cultures of communities in Vietnam despite it no longer being considered a global emergency. Migrant workers who returned to their localities during the outbreak are among the most vulnerable groups affected by the pandemic. This study surveyed 298 returning migrant workers in 6 Thua Thien Hue province coastal communes to understand the pandemic’s effects on them. Results indicate that the pandemic has affected migrant workers differently based on their work type, education level, and gender. The pandemic severely impacted workers’ employment and income, with self-employed workers being the most affected. The reduction in income led to changes in their quality of life, including cutting down on expenses and experiencing increased stress. In particular, female migrant workers with limited education have experienced heightened vulnerability and anxiety in comparison to their male counterparts, primarily attributed to their societal and caregiving responsibilities. However, most respondents intend to remigrate post-pandemic to continue sending remittances home regardless of the challenges ahead. The findings highlight the need for policies and support measures to improve the resilience and adaptive capacity of migrant workers in the post-pandemic period. These measures should focus on skill improvement, access to job placement networks, social insurance, and employment contracts, and raising awareness about the importance of saving income and providing psychological support.

The Role of Remittances and Other External Factors on Poverty Dynamic Among Thai Households: Evidence from a Panel Data Survey 2007–2017

Nattabhorn Leamcharaskul — 2024-02-05

This study aimed to analyze the determinants of poverty in Thailand using Thai Socio-Economic Survey (SES) panel data from 2007 to 2017. Employing the multinomial logit models, the study demonstrated the significance of several external factors influencing poverty incidence and its severity. On the one hand, receiving remittances and having a secondary source of income proved effective in reducing the likelihood of falling into poverty and lessening the severity of poverty. On the other hand, households primarily reliant on non-wage or agricultural sectors as their income sources faced an increased risk of being classified as poor households. This study proposed a poverty reduction policy focusing on enhancing human capital among people experiencing poverty. It also advocates promoting and implementing public employment programs to mitigate volatility and uncertainty, particularly among vulnerable households.

Cultural Meaning and the Experience of Hormone Drug Use Among Transgender Women Undergraduate Students in Southern Thailand

Tida Sottiyotin — 2024-02-05

The practice of feminizing hormone drug use among transgender women is established but not well understood. This study used an interpretive phenomenological approach to explore the significance and experiences of hormone drug use among transgender women (TGW) undergraduate students. The study involved twenty-one participants in semi-structured interviews and applied thematic analysis to the data. Findings reveal that participants view hormone drug use as crucial for personal satisfaction and social acceptance. Their use of these drugs varied, including changes in medication type, dosage adjustments, and intermittent or consistent use, tailored over time to individual needs. These variations were influenced by factors encouraging or discouraging hormone drug use and by perceptions of recent hormone drug use, whether positive or negative. The study highlights the essential role of hormone drug use in transgender individuals' lives, emphasizing the need for greater attention and support in social and healthcare systems. It points to the importance of responsible use of feminizing hormones, addressing the unique needs of transgender women, and promoting a health and well-being supportive environment.

The Role of the Giri Mulya Learning Community in Empowering Women Through Entrepreneurship Learning

Heryanto Susilo — 2024-02-02

Munggugebang Village, Beijing District, Gresik Regency, East Java, Indonesia, is a village where most people work as farmers. Much potential still needs to be maximized for village development. Seeing this potential, the Giri Mulya learning community aims to provide education related to entrepreneurship to help develop village potential targeting women. These women are expected to be able to support the achievement of a program. In carrying out a program, there are inhibiting and supporting factors. This research aims to determine the processes and factors that support and hinder women's empowerment in entrepreneurial learning in villages, which are learning communities. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. The informants were learning community organizers, facilitators, village communities, and community leaders. Data was collected using observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. Data analysis was done using Miles et al. (2018) interactive model. The research results show that entrepreneurship learning for women in Munggugebang Village can have a positive impact on their ability to cultivate village potential and participate actively in facilitating village Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) by making burlap sacks, processing duck eggs into salted eggs, and several other activities.

Investigating the Challenges in Alcoholic Beverage Control and Law Enforcement: Analyzing Binge Drinking Prevalence Among the Working-Age Population in Thailand Based on 2017 National Survey

Nakarin Prasit — 2024-02-02

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of binge drinking and to investigate the association between socioeconomic factors, risk behaviors, and problems in enforcing the Alcoholic Beverage Control Law among the working-age population in Thailand. Utilizing data from the Smoking and Drinking Behaviors Survey 2017 conducted by the National Statistical Office of Thailand, the study analyzed responses from 61,708 participants. A multilevel logistic analysis was employed to identify the association between issues in enforcing alcoholic beverage control laws and binge drinking, controlling for the effects of covariates and presenting adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Among the 61,708 respondents, the prevalence of binge drinking was found to be 11.47%. Factors related to the enforcement of alcoholic beverage control laws were significantly associated with binge drinking. Other notable covariates included being male, age, and tobacco consumption. Gaps in the enforcement of alcohol regulations have led to increased alcohol consumption among the working-age population. Consequently, the implementation of rigorous public interest legislation is necessary. This includes setting surveillance standards to strictly monitor alcohol sales, particularly to youth and adolescents, enhancing moral awareness, and increasing penalties for violations of alcohol control laws. Additionally, there is a need to promote the development of practical and comprehensive policies and penalties for breaching alcohol control laws in Thailand.

Thriving For Success: Hadhrami Entrepreneurs’ Establishment in Diaspora, Evidence from Malaysia

Mohd Zain Mubarak — 2024-01-26

Arabs of Hadhramaut are a subethnic group indigenous to the Hadhramaut region in South Arabia’s eastern Yemeni province. They are renowned for their reputation as successful businesspeople in Arabic countries and Southeast Asia, including Indonesia and Malaysia. This study investigates and unfolds what factors contribute to the success of Hadhrami entrepreneurs and how they are firmly embedded and merged to create a vibrant and competitive business. A score of Hadhrami entrepreneurs in Kelantan, Johor, and Penang were interviewed to get valuable information on the aim of the study. According to the study’s results based on a thematic analysis, familial education and environment play a significant role in fostering interest and encouraging Hadhramis to be involved in business. This factor was bolstered by personality traits such as self-reliance, the ability to recognize opportunities, tenacity, and self-assurance, as well as religious factors such as faith in the provision of sustenance, adherence to spiritual values such as honesty, trust, and responsibility as a Muslim entrepreneur. As far as Hadhrami entrepreneurs were concerned, the study concluded that a nexus of family upbringing factors, the right personality, and strong religious beliefs are paramount for their success.

Socioecological Approach to Understanding Overnutrition Among Married and Cohabiting Women in Nigeria

Oluwaseun Abdulganiyu Badru — 2024-01-22

Overweight and obesity are currently an epidemic affecting both developed and developing countries. Sub-Saharan Africa has a double burden of being underweight and obese and has recently been battling an alarming increase in the prevalence of overweight. This study investigates the predictors of overnutrition among married women of reproductive age in Nigeria using the socioecological model (SEM) as a framework. The study hypothesizes that the Southern region will have a higher burden of overnutrition than the Northern region. The 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) was analyzed. A total of 8,531 non-pregnant married women met the inclusion criteria. Hierarchical multilevel logistic regression models were fitted, informed by the SEM framework. The occurrence of overnutrition was found to be 31.4%, with regional variations showing 31.7% in the South and 31.3% in the North. When all covariates were fitted in a model, being older, being a Christian, having tertiary education, having an older partner with tertiary education, being wealthy, and living in the urban area were predictors of overnutrition in multivariate analysis. Overnutrition among Nigerian married women was high, especially in the Southern region. Predictors of overweight are at all the SEM levels; therefore, it is better to consider all the levels when planning public health interventions.

Demographic Sustainability of Ukraine and Its Changes Caused by the Russian-Ukrainian War

Roman Tesliuk — 2024-01-19

The article’s main tasks include analyzing changes in the main parameters of Ukraine’s demographic sustainability before the current full-scale war (1989–2021) and assessing the quantitative, structural, and territorial demographic changes caused by it. The databases of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and the International Organization for Migration, official reports of the Ukrainian Government, and expert data are the primary sources of demographic statistics. I used the index analysis tools to study changes in the reproductive and age-sex balances in Ukraine and its regions. Since the mid-1990s, Ukraine has been experiencing a deepening demographic reproduction crisis, manifested in a large-scale population decline and a deterioration in age and gender balance. Using the cluster analysis method, the demographic zoning of Ukraine is carried out. Russia’s full-scale invasion has catastrophically weakened Ukraine’s demographic sustainability. As a result of the war, tens of thousands of Ukrainian citizens died, and millions migrated, which deepened significant deformations in the sex and age structure of the population. The obtained results can be used to develop social and demographic policy measures. The study’s limitations are related to the lack of reliable migration data.

Linkages of Mother’s Status and Autonomy in the Household With Childhood Stunting in Indonesia

Risni Julaeni Yuhan — 2024-01-19

Maternal status and autonomy play a crucial role in achieving gender equality, which in turn has the potential to decrease the incidence of stunting, a persisting challenge in Indonesia. This study explores the correlation between stunting and factors such as maternal status and autonomy at the provincial level across Indonesia. It employs methodologies like cross-tabulation and odds ratio, complemented by the Mantel-Haenszel test for analytical purposes. The research utilizes data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), the Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI) of 2022, and publications by the Central Statistics Agency from 2021 and 2022. Findings indicate a notable correlation between the prevalence of stunting and women’s participation in decision-making, particularly regarding physical mobility and the Net Enrollment Rate (NER) for junior high school females. To address this discovery, there is a pressing need for governmental and other relevant entities to focus on enhancing educational attainment and ensuring that all initiatives are grounded in principles of gender equality.

Population Aging in India: A Regional Comparison and Implications for Older Persons’ Welfare and Healthcare Infrastructure

Chandan Roy — 2024-01-19

Population aging is an inevitable consequence of demographic transitions, and declining fertility causes a rising burden of aging. The present study aims to project the aging index of various states nationwide up to 2031. In addition, the study estimates the year by which different states and union territories (UTs) will reach the Kerala levels index of aging (i.e., aged society). To conduct this study, data were gathered from the 2001 and 2011 Census of India. Using simple trend extrapolation techniques, we produced projections of aging indices up to 2031. Further, an index of aging of each state and union territory up to the level of Kerala state (i.e., aged society) was projected. The results showed that there will be a change in the age structure of the population from 2011 to 2031. There will be a 6% increase in the working-age group (15–59 years) and a 5% in the older population (60 years and above). However, there will be a decline of 11.2% in the children ages 0–14 years. The southern states and some states of north India, such as Punjab and Himachal Pradesh, are likely to attain Kerala’s level of aging index in the next few years. However, northern states are expected to take more years to achieve it. Therefore, there is a need to promote harmony between development and demographic change by expanding economic and social resources for older persons. The time has come to plan for the future burden of the older population across the country and arrange appropriate health facilities for them.

Stunting Among Wealthy Indonesian Families: A Cross-Sectional Study of Children Under the Age of Two

Agung Dwi Laksono — 2024-01-12

Previous studies globally report that poverty was a determinant of stunting. However, studies also showed that stunting can be found in wealthy families. To analyze factors related to stunting among wealthy families, we examined the 2021 Indonesian National Nutritional Status Survey. This cross-sectional study included 23,957 children under the age of two years old. In addition to stature, the study analyzed eight independent variables (e.g., residence, maternal age, marital, education, employment, children's age, gender, and early initiation breastfeeding). By employing a binary logistic regression test in the last analysis, this study found that children in rural areas were 1.160 times more likely to be stunted than those in urban areas (95% CI [1.152, 1.168], p < .001). The characteristics of mothers were also found to be related to stunting, including age, marital status, education, and employment. Additionally, 12–13-month-old children were 3.033 times more likely to be stunted than < 12 months (95% CI [3.011, 3.055], p < .001). Boys were 1.320 times more likely to be stunted than girls (95% CI [1.311, 1.328], p < .001). Children with early breastfeeding initiation were 1.025 times more likely to be stunted than those without (95% CI [1.018, 1.031], p < .001). Lastly, eight significant factors related to stunting among wealthy families in Indonesia were found: residence, maternal age, marital, education, employment, children's age, gender, and early breastfeeding initiation. The government must focus on the specific targets produced in this study to accelerate reducing the prevalence of stunting in wealthy Indonesian families.

Cross-Border Migration and Its Influence on Mental Health Dynamics in Thailand: An Empirical Analysis of Provincial Data

Attasuda Lerskullawat — 2024-01-07

While previous research has examined the impact of cross-border migrants on economic development and other social issues, limited studies have focused on the potential effects of migrants on the mental health of the native population. This paper investigates the impact of cross-border migrants on the mental health of natives in Thailand, considering various mental health disorders. This study analyzes 77 provincial data sets from 2016 to 2021 using a spatial panel autoregressive model. The findings suggest that the presence of migrants did not have an adverse influence on the mental health of the native population at a 5% significance level. Notably, there is a reduction in the prevalence of substance abuse disorders associated with the presence of migrants at the 5% significance level. Additionally, unemployment, education, public health services, technological infrastructure, health risk behavior, and age are significant contributors to the mental health of natives at a 5% significance level. The study underscores the need for a comprehensive approach to developing effective mental health policies and initiatives that address these multiple contributors.

Communication and Relationships Within Thai Older Adults’ Families: A Sequential Explanatory Mixed Method Study

Junjira Seesawang — 2024-01-06

The situation of older Thai family members has changed, resulting in less interaction that could impact family bonds. A sequential explanatory mixed methods design explored communication and relationships within older adults’ families. Using communication patterns and family relationships questionnaires, a survey was administered to 180 older adults in Phetchaburi province. Then, 40 participants were engaged in semi-structured interviews. The quantitative data were analyzed using simple linear regression, and the qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The quantitative results revealed that most family communication patterns with high family relationships were pluralistic. Consensual (B =7.13; SE = 3.26; p < .05) and protective communication patterns (B = 1.72; SE = 0.82; p < .05) were associated with family relationships. The qualitative analysis highlighted the contributors to low family communication and relationships, which included a lack of effective communication skills, unresolved conflicts, technology distraction, and poor time management. The management strategies were active listening, being a role model, and having a heart-to-heart conversation. The initiation of relationships among older adults’ families has originated from communication within the family. Thus, healthcare providers, especially community nurses, should create a family interaction program to promote open and positive communication between older adults and their families.

Perspectives of Healthcare Providers in Maternal and Child Health Services in Bokeo Province, Lao People’s Democratic Republic: A Qualitative Study

Krissana Kapheak — 2023-12-27

In Bokeo province, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, the high rates of poverty and poor health outcomes are striking. According to data collected from the Lao government, the area has a high mortality rate among mothers and children under five years old. Consequently, there is an urgent need for significant enhancements in maternal and child health (MCH) services. This study aims to investigate the perspectives of healthcare providers on the MCH situation, difficulties, challenges, and potential solutions for the growth and implementation of MCH services. We conducted in-depth interviews with 45 healthcare providers from varying healthcare system levels using qualitative methods. The key findings are as follows: Healthcare providers demonstrate a strong understanding of MCH policies, acknowledgment of national objectives, and dedication to personal growth. However, significant obstacles exist, including access barriers for ethnic minorities, transportation complications, inadequate healthcare personnel, and insufficient equipment and infrastructure. Healthcare providers have also indicated a need for more training and opportunities for professional development to improve MCH outcomes. To enhance MCH outcomes in Bokeo province, addressing these challenges and supporting healthcare providers in their quest for self-improvement is essential. The findings of our study can aid in creating targeted interventions and policies to improve MCH outcomes in Bokeo province and similar regions. By focusing on critical areas such as antenatal care, skilled birth attendance, postnatal care, immunizations, nutrition, family planning, health education, and access to healthcare, we can strive towards improved health outcomes and reduced mortality rates.

Age at First Marriage of Nepalese Women: A Statistical Analysis (Status, Differential, Determinants, and Distributional Pattern)

Arjun Kumar Gaire — 2023-12-17

Marriage is a legal union between two individuals. Marital status is an essential demographic variable affecting the fertility rate. Marriage is necessary for the fertility life of women in countries where fertility outside the marriage is not accepted socially. This paper presents Nepalese women’s status, differential, and determination of age at first marriage (AFM). Some probability distributions were used to analyze the distributional pattern of AFM. The Skew Log-Logistic distribution is found to fit the AFM data of Nepalese women better. The cumulative probabilities of fitted results were used to construct the marriage life table. The average waiting time for marriage for Nepalese women is estimated at 17.768 years. The probability of marrying or not marrying at a particular age is also calculated. Each of these findings provides information about the trends and patterns of marital behavior within a specific population. Besides demography, the analysis of AFM could have significant implications for various other fields, such as sociology, economics, and public health. These findings show the necessity of education campaigns opposing child marriage and early marriage. These findings can create marital policies and initiatives for the specific subpopulations with the lowest mean AFM.

Age at First Migration and Educational Attainment of Young Adults in Indonesia

Meirina Ayumi Malamassam — 2023-12-16

First migration is an important milestone that signals the beginning of one’s migration career. Variations in the timing of the first migration signify critical contextual factors that shape individuals' life trajectories, including their educational pathways. This study aimed to examine the variations in the age at first migration of young Indonesians by their educational attainment. This study analyzed data from the migration and education modules from all waves of the Indonesian Family Life Survey. Survival analysis approaches were used to estimate the probability of first migration among the 2,075 observations during young adulthood. This study found that people with low levels of education migrate for the first time at younger ages, possibly after terminating their schooling. Meanwhile, education-related motives are critical in explaining the high migration propensity around the age of 18–19 years by the tertiary-educated group. Despite the varying intensities, the relationships between education and migration were consistent across cohorts. These findings suggest that positive and negative educational selectivity were observable in the age schedule of the first migration of young adult Indonesians.

Chronic Pain and Subjective Health in a Sample of Indonesian Adults: A Moderation of Gender

Pius Weraman — 2023-12-05

Chronic pain is an essential burden for public health. Yet, evidence of its association with subjective perceptions of health in the community and gender differences is still lacking in Indonesia. This study examined how chronic pain relates to subjective health in the community and gender differences in this relationship using an Indonesian nationwide community survey. A total of 3,255 adults were involved in the study, with the mean age of the participants being 41.6 years (SD = 13.4), with 57% identifying as female. The results revealed that chronic pain was an essential predictor of subjective health. Those who had chronic pain reported poor subjective health compared to their counterparts, regardless of their gender, education level, marital status, smoking status, unemployment status, religiosity, and extroversion personality trait. In addition, the findings showed that the negative association between chronic pain and subjective health was stronger in women than in men. This study stipulates that targeting pain in the general population and managing and treating pain might lead to improvement in public health. In addition, efforts to reduce chronic pain and to increase subjective health in the general population should be gender mindful.

The Impact of Migration on Optimism and Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from the Indonesian Family Life Survey

Nufi Alabshar — 2023-12-05

When migrating, a person will expect better well-being than they had in their area of origin. Much research only focuses on how migration affects objective well-being, even though subjective well-being describes well-being more than an economic perspective. This study aims to investigate the impact of migration on the optimism and subjective well-being of migrants. Migration is considered when it crosses district or city boundaries, whether internal or international. The method used in this study is the difference-in-differences (DID) method, which allows us to determine the impact of migration. Using panel data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) in 2007 and 2014, the results show that migration has a positive effect on optimism, economic opinion, personal and household needs opinion, children’s needs opinion, and happiness of migrants. Migration does not have a significant impact on happiness despite a positive correlation towards it. Other control variables, such as urban regional classification, younger age, male gender, married status, and higher education, positively affect subjective well-being.

The Effects of a School-Based Mental Health Program on Students’ Knowledge, Behavior, and Depression: A Quasi-Experimental Study in Four Indonesian High Schools

Indri Yunita Suryaputri — 2023-11-28

Schools play a crucial role in promoting the mental health of children and adolescents. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a mental health program by evaluating changes in knowledge, behavior, and mental health outcomes of students before and after the intervention. The study employed a pre-and-post-test quasi-experimental approach in four selected high schools in Bogor. It evaluated changes in knowledge, behavior, and mental health outcomes of students pre-and-post the intervention. The study assessed mental health literacy, anti-bullying education, and creating a positive school environment. Data were collected in July and October 2019, with 476 out of 495 students completing both pre- and post-tests. In the intervention group, there was an improvement in knowledge, as evidenced by a decrease in the risk of “having a lack of knowledge” from the pre-test (OR = 1.8, 95% CI [1.2, 2.6], p = .004) to the post-test (OR = 1.2, 95% CI [0.9, 1.8], p = .284). During the pre-test period, students in the intervention schools had a higher risk of experiencing bullying (OR = 1.4, 95% CI [0.9, 2.3], p = .133). However, after the intervention, their risk of being bullied decreased (OR = 0.9, 95% CI [0.6, 1.6], p = .810). The risk of having no peer support also decreased from OR = 1.6, 95% CI [0.5, 5.8], p = .467 to OR = 1.1, 95% CI [0.3, 4.3], p = .933. The condition of depression in the intervention group improved, with an OR = 1.0, 95% CI [0.6, 1.8], p = .924 at the pre-test and an OR = 0.8, 95% CI [0.4, 1.6], p = .511 at the post-test. These findings underscore the significance of initiatives focused on improving student mental health.

Networked Governance in Transnational Cooperation and Politics: Responding to COVID-19 Pandemic Along Thai-Laos Cross-Border Communities

Visara Kraiwatanapong — 2023-11-21

The outbreak of COVID-19 is a transnational threat challenging states and people beyond the frontiers. This study focuses on the networked governance in three Thai-Lao cross-border communities as a practice of transnational and political cooperative systems in surveilling, preventing, and controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. The research aims at (1) investigating the involvement of public, private sectors, and civil society in establishing participatory networks in dealing with the pandemic in Thai-Lao border communities; (2) analyzing the potential and strength of the networks of relationships; and (3) discovering guidelines on future disease outbreaks management. By using qualitative methodology and working with 59 key informants, this study discovers the roles of relevant actors in five participatory networks. It also found the horizontally and vertically grand networks of governing cooperation and collaboration among key actors as the potential and strength of the networks of relationships at community and transnational levels. Moreover, forming transnational networks among governmental agencies in twin cities along natural borders is considered a fundamental approach to developing Thai-Laos areas of cooperation. The research concludes that the networks of cooperation and collaboration during the pandemic at border areas are increasingly significant as the front-line mechanisms for effective management.

The Relationship Between Sociodemographics and Media Access on Knowledge Regarding Anemia Among Young Women in Indonesia

Tri Wurisastuti — 2023-11-21

The limited knowledge of young women about anemia and the difficulty in accessing information about anemia are essential problems for young women’s health. This study examines the association between sociodemographic factors and media access with anemia knowledge in young women in Indonesia. This study analyzed data from the 2017 Indonesian Health Demographic Survey. This study involved unmarried women of childbearing aged 15–24 years who had heard of anemia. The analysis used multiple logistic regression. The percentage of young Indonesian women with good knowledge of anemia was 70.9%. This study showed that the odds of having good knowledge of anemia increased significantly among young women aged 20–24 years (AOR = 1.341, 95% CI [1.140, 1.579], p < .001), living in urban areas (AOR = 1.178, 95% CI [1.015, 1.367], p < .05), highly educated (AOR = 2.617, 95% CI [1.647, 4.160], p < .001), had the highest economic quintile (AOR = 1.730, 95% CI [1.356, 2.207], p < .001), read newspapers/magazines at least once a week (AOR = 1.315, 95% CI [1.089, 1.588], p < .01), and had access the Internet almost every day (AOR = 1.204, 95% CI [1.038, 1.397], p < .05). Education on anemia among this age group should be encouraged and instituted in the educational curriculum. Newspapers, magazines, and internet media may be practical tools for educating young people about health and nutrition.

Associations Between Internet and Traditional Media Usage and Users’ Attitudes Toward Wife-Beating in Nigeria

Bamidele Emmanuel Ola — 2023-11-20

This study quantitatively examines the associations between the Internet and traditional media (e.g., television, radio, newspapers) usage and users’ attitudes toward wife-beating in Nigeria. Data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey involving 13,311 men (aged 15 to 59 years) and 41,821 women (aged 15 to 49 years) were analyzed using multiple logistic regression models. The central question was whether frequent Internet and traditional media users significantly differed in their attitudes toward wife-beating justification compared to individuals who seldom used these media channels in Nigeria. The results showed that Nigerian online media users were substantially less likely to approve of wife-beating compared to their non-users. However, for traditional media usage, only radio usage was significantly associated with a reduced likelihood of wife-beating approval among women. Newspaper usage was associated with a higher level of justification, while television was not significantly related to wife-beating support. This study emphasizes the need for the Nigerian media channels to effectively join the international campaigns seeking to eliminate intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW).

Perceptions of Service Recipients on the Roles of Community Health Nurses in Children's Primary Care During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Northeastern Thailand

Prakaikeaw Siripoon — 2023-11-05

To understand the roles of community health nurses in providing services to children in primary health care units during the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative research was employed. Data was obtained from documents, observations, and in-depth interviews. Eighty-five key informants were recruited in the study from seven groups: public sector officers, Local Administrative Organization (LAO), community leaders, teachers in child development centers, community organizations, civil groups, and family caregivers. Data was analyzed using the content analysis method. Findings showed the roles of community health nurses in primary care units categorized into eight themes: health care provider, health educator, manager, health collaborator, health coordinator, advocator, consultant, and data collector and reporter. The research reflects the crucial roles of community health nurses in caring for children, skills, knowledge gained, and preparation and engagement of community networks during COVID-19.

Vaccine Adherence and Behavioral Changes of Adults Regarding Prevention of COVID-19: A Community Survey Using the Theory of Planned Behavior

Md. Nazmul Haque — 2023-10-25

Considering the current context of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, people should equally comply with both vaccines and non-therapeutic health protective behaviors. This study investigated public adherence to vaccination, behavioral changes against COVID-19, and their determinants in Bangladesh during the pandemic. The study was conducted during May and June 2022 among 940 Bangladeshi adults selected by multi-stage sampling, and data were collected through face-to-face interviews using questionnaires. Significant determinants and their relationships were described through hierarchical regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Nearly half of the subjects (48.2%) showed poor vaccine adherence and COVID-19 prevention practices. During the pandemic crisis, the majority of the respondents (86.7%) used face masks, but only 12.7% of the respondents used them regularly. Less than half (44.9%) received COVID-19 vaccines regularly. Along with some sociodemographic factors, knowledge (p < .001), attitude (p < .01), and intention (p < .001) regarding COVID-19 prevention were significant in predicting vaccine adherence and healthy practices in a hierarchical regression. Self-control was highly significant in SEM, showing the highest effect (p < .001). Policies based on the TPB model could be adopted to improve preventive behaviors against COVID-19.

Factors Associated With Common Mental Disorders and the Presence of Noncommunicable Diseases During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia: A Study in Bogor, West Java

Indri Yunita Suryaputri — 2023-10-21

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted the mental health of Indonesians, including those with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and those without. However, it is known that COVID-19 has a higher fatality rate in people with NCDs. This study aimed to determine the difference in the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) among respondents with and without NCDs and identify the associated factors of CMD from each sub-sample. This cross-sectional study used respondents from the Bogor Cohort Study of noncommunicable disease risk factors. The NCDs in the current study included hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and diabetes mellitus (DM). The diagnosis of NCD was determined by trained medical professionals following research protocols. A total of 2,936 participants were involved in this study, including 1,734 with NCDs and 1,202 without. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with CMD in respondents with and without NCDs. The prevalence of CMD was slightly higher in respondents with NCDs (5.1%) than in those without NCDs (3.6%). Experiencing COVID-19 symptoms in the last six months was a factor associated with CMD in both groups; those with NCDs (AOR = 4.156; 95% CI [2.37, 7.30]; p < .001) and those without (AOR = 5.797; 95% CI [2.63, 12.78]; p < .001). Not having health insurance was a factor associated with CMD, only in respondents with NCDs (AOR = 2.582; 95% CI [1.35, 4.93]; p = .004). Female gender and low education were factors associated with CMD only in respondents without NCDs. During the COVID-19 pandemic, newly diagnosed subjects with NCDs and non-adherence to treatment were identified as factors associated with CMD in respondents with NCDs who had undergone PCR and/or rapid testing. During the pandemic, the knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms and health insurance ownership significantly impacted the community’s wellbeing, not only for physical but also for psychological health.

Employment Mobility in East Java During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Devanto Shasta Pratomo — 2023-10-21

The study examines the mobility of workers between the formal and informal sectors in East Java, Indonesia. The potential mobilities of workers are examined, not only from the formal to informal sector and from informal to formal sector, but also the movement of new entrants (who do not have a job in the past) to the formal-informal sector jobs. Using the 2021 National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS), the study contributes to the literature by examining the mobilities in the case of developing countries during an economic downturn during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study is essential in supporting the policies in the region with the existence of a large informal sector in the labor market. Using probit regression, the study found that workers who have previously worked in the formal sector are more likely to enter (re-enter) formal sector employment when the economy starts recovering in 2021. In contrast, workers previously employed in the informal sector have a lower probability of moving to the formal sector. The study continues examining the implications of the different income levels of formal and informal sector workers. The results using Heckman's bias correction selection show that new entrants (workers who have no job previously or freshly graduated) earn more earnings than workers who have previously been employed in the formal-informal sector. One possible reason is the role of digitalization and working-from-home activities that might support, particularly young educated people, to work productively during the pandemic.

Changes in Islamic Legal Culture in Customary Marriage at Uluan Musi Community

Syahril Jamil — 2023-10-17

Marriage is a culture that grows based on three values: religiosity, customary, and national. In Indonesian culture, the marriage of the Uluan Musi community per these three values has changed the implementation procedure. These changes occurred in the structure and culture, which impacted the customary law system. Therefore, this research aims to observe how changes in Islamic law culture in customary practices occurred in the Uluan Musi community. This qualitative study collects data from traditional and religious leaders through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The results indicated that the changes in the Islamic legal culture in the marriage practice were caused by the fading of the meaning of Islamic legal values (i.e., profanization) of marriage customs due to cultural coexistence and globalization. These changes cause social leeway with the potential to lose cultural identity. Therefore, legal remodification must be carried out to maintain the continuity of Islamic law.

COVID-19 Knowledge, Attitudes, and Vaccine Acceptance Among Students From Two Major Public Universities in Thailand: A Comparison Between Health Sciences and Non-Health Sciences Disciplines

Sirashat Hanvivattanakul — 2023-10-13

Data on COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes, and vaccine acceptance among students is vital to inform appropriate COVID-19 preventive strategies. A survey was conducted online among students from 12 health sciences (HS) and 16 non-health sciences (NHS) faculties of two universities during 2021–2022. Of the 1,728 participating students, 613 (35%) were from the HS faculties, and 1,115 (65%) were from the NHS faculties. The HS students had a significantly higher median knowledge score about COVID-19 than the NHS students (15 vs. 14). Most students strongly agreed that people should have an equal chance to select and get the COVID-19 vaccines they want. The HS students were more likely than the NHS students to agree that wearing masks and social distancing can reduce the risk of acquiring COVID-19. At the same time, the NHS students were more likely to agree that the decision about vaccination is highly affected by the population’s confidence in their government. The overall COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate was 99.3%, similar for both student groups. Concerns about vaccine efficacy, safety, and availability of wanted vaccines were the main reasons for vaccination refusal. Improving COVID-19 prevention and vaccination should consider the differential knowledge gaps, attitudes toward COVID-19, and the reasons for refusing vaccination among students.

Pension Plan and Household Food Insecurity of Older Persons in Indonesia

Budi Indrawan — 2023-10-06

This study aims to determine the relationship between household food insecurity, old age security, and pension plans. It utilizes cross-sectional data from 97,797 pension households in the 2020 National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS). A logistic regression model is applied to identify factors influencing household food insecurity as an indicator of poverty in pension households (aged 57 and older). The results reveal that most pension households experience varying degrees of food insecurity, with 25.45% lacking food security, 24.63% being vulnerable, and 18.54% experiencing food insecurity. Old age security (OAS) and pension plans effectively mitigate food insecurity, as they are significantly associated with food insecurity in pension households. Factors like low education levels among household heads, unemployed spouses, living in rental housing, older household heads, male household heads, married household heads, larger family sizes, and residing in rural areas positively correlate with household food insecurity. Special attention should be given to older pensioners living in rental houses, pensioners with low levels of education, those living in remote areas, and those with larger families. Government efforts to promote participation in OAS and pension plans offer short-term solutions while achieving educational equality represents a long-term goal.

Remapping Internal Migration: How Complex Are Indonesian Migration Trajectories?

Nanang Widaryoko — 2023-10-06

Most conventional perspectives depict internal migration as a simple one-step process. Indeed, it simplifies complex migration patterns while concealing the diversity of migration dynamics throughout the life course. This study looks into the possibility of other types of migration in Indonesia besides one-way movement. Using sequence analysis on longitudinal data, we identify complex migration trajectories among Indonesians aged 12 to 50. Multinomial regression analysis confirmed that specific migration trajectories are associated with specific sociodemographic characteristics. This finding implies that migration takes a variety of paths and constantly evolves.

Urban Living With Style: An Exploratory Survey of Bangkok Generation Y’s Lifestyle

Papaporn Chaihanchanchai — 2023-09-14

This study is a preliminary exploration of the lifestyle typologies of Generation Y in Bangkok, Thailand. Drawing upon an AIOs (Activities, Interests, Opinions) approach, 126 statements were developed to segment them into groups. A field survey was employed through questionnaires to collect data from this cohort. A total of 455 responses were analyzed through an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) technique. Eight distinct lifestyle segments were identified: the On-trend Netizens, Adrenaline-addicts, Self-care Traditionalists, Concerned Pragmatists, Safe-centered Family Person, Materialists, Emotional Facebookers, and Soap Haters. Each segment has unique characteristics. The findings show the nuances of the lifestyles of Generation Y in Bangkok, laying the foundations for a better understanding of this group. It is beneficial for marketing practitioners to develop appropriate communication strategies, products, and services accordingly.

Exploring the Challenges Faced by the Urban Squatter Dwellers in Sentul, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Mahazril ‘Aini Yaacob — 2023-09-13

Malaysia has experienced rapid urbanization, leading to congestion and a shortage of adequate housing. For those who cannot afford housing due to the high prices of houses, such as marginalized and low-income groups, squatting becomes an alternative for viable housing solutions. Many have moved into urban squatter zones in search of alternate housing. Drawing on Malaysia as a case study, this study explores the challenges urban squatter dwellers face and how it affects their well-being. This study used Participatory Action Research (PAR) and Delphi Techniques to conduct in-depth interviews with fourteen key informants in Kuala Lumpur. It analyzed the results using the thematic analysis method. Findings revealed that they faced challenges associated with social issues, housing quality, housing environment, and finances. These challenges have affected their safety, comfort, social relationships, and health. It is suggested that the government should adequately design inclusive policies and programs to resolve this predicament and enhance these dwellers’ quality of life. Since studies on urban squatters in Malaysia are scarce, this study provides insight into the country’s urban poverty problem. Furthermore, the findings can be applied to other developing countries with characteristics like Malaysia.

Television Viewing and Divorce in Indonesia: Evidence from Macro Data

Romi Bhakti Hartarto — 2023-09-05

The rise in divorce incidence seems to be the most apparent social phenomenon in Indonesia during the last decade. As the Ministry of Religious Affairs noted, the number of divorces has increased by 9% to 408,202 in 2018 compared to the previous year. One rationale that may explain this phenomenon comes from the role of television, which has the potential to influence the opinions of society through its programs. In developing countries, including Indonesia, television is still relevant as a medium to reach a large portion of society at a low cost. Hence, this study aims to determine the role of television viewing on divorce in Indonesia. Unlike previous studies, which use qualitative data collected with in-depth interviews at the individual level, we utilize quantitative analysis based on macro data at the provincial level from Statistics Indonesia in 2018. We perform a multiple regression model using the ordinary least squares method and find statistical evidence that divorce rates are positively associated with television viewing, particularly in rural areas. From this finding, the government should regulate media by limiting the frequency and duration of soap operas and celebrity news and by promoting television stations to provide diversified content on their channel.