Journal of Population and Social Studies [JPSS]

Meaning of Work and Post-Retirement Employment Survival: Evidence From a Time-to-Event Analysis in Java, Indonesia

Jamalludin — 2025-12-06

Amid rising labor force participation among older adults, understanding retirees’ motivations to continue working is increasingly crucial. This study investigates how the meaning of work relates to post-retirement employment survival among older adults. We conducted structured interviews with 230 retirees aged 53 and older in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Through these interviews, we evaluated five dimensions of work meaning: financial, personal, social, generativity, and spiritual. Respondents included former employees from government, military, health, education, state-owned, and private institutions. We employed Gompertz survival analysis with robustness checks via Cox regression and inverse probability weighting. The result revealed that by the seventh year of retirement, the probability of remaining employed reached 0.75. A strong social meaning of work was associated with prolonged employment, whereas a strong spiritual meaning was associated with earlier labor-market exit. These findings suggest the need for flexible retirement age policies and support for community-based spiritual engagement to accommodate diverse retirement trajectories.

Preserving Cultural Heritage and Social Cohesion: The Tukuder Festival at Al-Muttaqin Mosque, Kendal, Indonesia

Gregorius Andika Ariwibowo — 2025-12-06

The Tukuder Festival at Jami Al-Muttaqin Mosque in Kaliwungu, Kendal, Central Java, Indonesia, is a vibrant example of living Islamic heritage that reinforces cultural identity, religious continuity, and community resilience. Held annually to welcome the holy month of Ramadan, the festival integrates ritual practices, traditional foodways, and intergenerational participation rooted in the values of Islam Nusantara. This study investigates how the festival transmits intangible cultural heritage, particularly through the symbolic meanings of traditional dishes such as Telur Mimi, Sumpil, and Momoh. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through participatory observation and in-depth interviews with local vendors, religious leaders, government officials, and cultural practitioners, as well as document analysis. Findings reveal that the Tukuder Festival strengthens social cohesion that fosters communal bonds. The culinary elements, deeply embedded in local religious symbolism, reflect values of purity, solidarity, and gratitude. In addition, the active role of local government demonstrates how institutional collaboration contributes to the continuity and revitalization of community-based traditions. The Tukuder Festival exemplifies how localized Islamic traditions can be maintained and revitalized as living heritage in response to changing social and cultural dynamics.

Factors Associated with Consumer Behavior in Selecting Packaged Foods with Front-of-Package Nutrition Labeling (FOPNL)

Aldera — 2025-12-06

Obesity remains a significant public health challenge in Indonesia, partly driven by changes in dietary patterns and increased consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods. Front-of-package nutrition labeling (FOPNL) has been introduced globally as a strategy to support healthier food choices by improving access to simplified nutrition information. In Indonesia, the voluntary “Healthier Choice” logo represents the initial implementation of FOPNL, although its use and public awareness remain limited. This study aimed to identify factors associated with consumer behavior in choosing packaged foods with FOP labels. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted in September 2024 among 282 adult followers of the Ilmugiziku social media platform, selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a self-administered online questionnaire and analyzed using chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression. More than half of respondents (52.5%) demonstrated good food selection behavior. Bivariate analysis showed significant associations between food choice behavior and gender, education level, nutrition knowledge, and attitudes toward FOP labels (p < .05). In the final multivariate model, only education level remained significantly associated with behavior, with higher-educated respondents more likely to report good food selection behavior (AOR = 1.96, 95% CI [1.26, 3.16]). These findings indicate that education plays a central role in shaping consumer engagement with simplified nutrition labels. Strengthening nutrition literacy and expanding the clarity and reach of FOP labeling may support healthier food choices and contribute to national efforts to reduce diet-related non-communicable diseases while advancing universal health coverage and health system resilience.

Developing Anemia Prevention Interventions for Pregnant Women with the Behavior Change Wheel

Izzatul Arifah — 2025-11-30

Pregnancy anemia is a significant public health issue in Indonesia, requiring effective monitoring of iron tablet use with support from spouses and healthcare workers. Previous interventions often lacked strong theoretical foundations and population-specific approaches. This study documents the systematic development of the ANECMA intervention, integrating the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) framework based on feedback from target users. The study involved 18 pregnant women, five spouses, and nine healthcare providers (midwives, nutritionists, and general practitioners) from primary healthcare centers in Surakarta, Indonesia, in 2024. Semi-structured interviews and consultation sessions were conducted, and findings were analyzed using deductive and inductive methods within the BCW framework. Behavioral analysis (Steps 1–4) identified nine intervention goals aligned with the COM-B components: Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation. Six intervention functions and 16 behavior change techniques were chosen to drive behavior change. The intervention employs a triadic approach, engaging spouses and healthcare providers to support pregnant women’s anemia prevention behaviors, complemented by a mobile app. This study outlines the rationale for selecting intervention components and behavior change techniques. It provides a practical guide to using the BCW framework, emphasizing the active involvement of target groups and stakeholders in designing effective interventions to prevent pregnancy anemia.

Advancing Financial Inclusion for Persons With Disabilities in Indonesia: Evidence From Yogyakarta Special Region

Muhammad Anif Afandi — 2025-11-26

This study analyses the factors that support or hinder financial inclusion for persons with disabilities (PWD), using the Yogyakarta Special Region as a case study. This study uses a qualitative approach, with semi-structured interviews grounded in the framework of facilitators and barriers, to explore financial inclusion for PWD in the Yogyakarta Special Region. Snowball sampling was used to recruit four informants, comprising two people who were blind or partially sighted and two people with physical disabilities. Data collection involved interviews with informants, banking representatives, and disability experts. Facilitators include cooperatives offering door-to-door services, accessible banking facilities such as ramps and trained staff, and digital innovations like mobile banking, which reduce physical barriers. However, barriers persist, including stigma, misperceptions, and inadequate physical and digital infrastructure. Many banks lack accessible ATMs or audio-guided mobile platforms, hindering the usability of services for blind and partially sighted people. Additionally, distance to branches and insufficient accommodations exacerbate exclusion. To address these challenges, the study proposes strategies such as strengthening disability-focused financial literacy, expanding accessible banking infrastructure, and fostering collaboration between banks and cooperatives. Indicators of financial inclusion for PWD—account ownership, credit access, digital banking usage, and customer satisfaction—are highlighted as tools for assessing progress and identifying areas for improvement.

Collaboration as an Approach to Transforming Conflict in Community-Based Ecotourism Management in State Forest Areas in West Java, Indonesia

Prudensius Maring — 2025-11-15

Conflicts in ecotourism management result in socioeconomic and ecological losses, including the cessation of activities and damage to social relations among communities and other stakeholders. In response to these challenges, conflict transformation through collaboration is a process of resolving disputes to achieve long-term change that involves all parties. This study employs a qualitative approach with data collection through in-depth interviews and participant observation. Qualitative data analysis includes domain analysis, taxonomy, component analysis, and analysis of specific cultural themes. The research was conducted in West Java during 2024. The research results show that collaborative initiatives between Perhutani, village communities through forest farmer groups (for ecotourism and coffee plantations), and ecotourism management investors are key elements in achieving sustainable forest resource management. The cooperation scheme for managing coffee plantations in state forest areas planted by the community applies a 75% profit sharing for the community and 25% for the company; while the cooperation scheme for managing waterfall ecotourism in state forest areas applies a 70% profit sharing for the company, 25% for the community, and 5% for the LMDH (Village Forest Community Institution). Several ecotourism-related activities also provide greater profit sharing for the community. This profit-sharing system can support efforts to preserve forests and increase rural communities' income. However, this scheme needs to be monitored and evaluated because the duration of the cooperation contract is still relatively short. Conceptually, this collaborative approach is not only beneficial for forest management but also helps transform conflicts of interest and foster cooperation for the development of rural communities whose livelihoods depend on state forest resources.

Land Policy in Vietnam: Service Land as a Compensation Mechanism

Ngoc Thi Phan — 2025-11-12

In recent years, land acquisition for industrialization and urbanization in Vietnam has profoundly affected communities. Despite ongoing compensation and support policies to stabilize livelihoods, the land issue remains complex and sensitive. This study examines the emergence and evolution of the service land policy, a national government land compensation approach implemented from 2004 to 2008. An ethnographic study of two peri-urban villages in Hanoi examines the effects of administrative boundary changes on land-use allocation for service purposes and residents’ responses to new land management mechanisms. Drawing on long-term fieldwork from 2008 to 2024, along with policy documents, the research uncovers the intricate interplay between state intervention and market forces in Vietnam’s land system in the delivery of compensation to impacted communities. The findings highlight its hybrid nature, in which blurred boundaries between the state and the market shape compensation and support policies. While the service land policy is a local government initiative to stabilize displaced farmers’ livelihoods, its implementation has faced significant challenges due to overlapping policies and administrative restructuring.

A Study of Millennial Mothers’ Purchasing and Disposal Habits for Children’s Clothing and Intentions for Sustainable Choices

Chonnikarn Thienthaworn — 2025-10-25

This study explores the shopping behaviors, disposal practices, and attitudes of millennial mothers in Thailand toward environmental impacts, as well as their purchase intentions regarding sustainable children’s clothing. Employing qualitative methods, this study analyzes insights from 20 in-depth interviews with mothers aged 29 to 43 from diverse family structures and backgrounds, focusing on their awareness of environmental impacts and their intentions to purchase eco-friendly options. The findings show that mothers prioritize practicality, affordability, and versatility. Mothers with one child tend to prioritize style, while those with two children value durability and reuse hand-me-downs. Disposal practices are often influenced by emotional attachment, with sentimental items, such as birth outfits, being kept. Although mothers with two children show greater awareness of environmental impact, overall knowledge of sustainable options remains limited. Sustainability is considered only when affordable, with limited availability and high costs posing significant barriers across family types. The study further explains how price and design constraints hinder millennial mothers from purchasing eco-friendly children’s clothing, highlighting the need for better education and more accessible, sustainable options. The discussion also examines the cultural, economic, and environmental factors that influence children’s fashion choices.

Dynamics of Development Religious Moderation: Lessons From Multiethnic Transmigration Communities in Banggai, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Ahmad Syahid — 2025-10-25

This study examines the dynamics of multiethnic transmigration communities and religious harmony in Simpang Raya District, Banggai Regency, Indonesia. It explores the role of diverse ethnic and religious leaders in promoting sustainable religious moderation in these areas, employing a descriptive qualitative method with 35 informants selected through purposive sampling. This research reveals that leaders from diverse backgrounds promote religious moderation through various channels, including places of worship, educational institutions, cultural events, government services, and community socialization. The practice of religious moderation is fostered through approaches that emphasize participation, gender equality, partnership, and self-reliance. Educational institutions play a crucial role as strategic agents of social change, educating the younger generation about the values of religious moderation. In addition, the influence and control that religious leaders have in facilitating dialogue are crucial to promoting inclusive religious moderation. This research contributes to demographic and social studies by providing an overview and analysis of how to build diversity and peace through religious moderation in multiethnic regions.

A Comparative Study of Factors Affecting Family Well-Being of Single-Father and Single-Mother Families

Benjarat Yujongdee — 2025-10-17

Single-father and single-mother families are unique family structures that face challenges in adapting to life situations. Family well-being is a critical factor in the developmental outcomes of children in these households. This study examined and compared family well-being levels in single-father and single-mother families, and analyzed the influence of demographic, familial, environmental, and work-life factors. The sample consisted of 406 single parents with children aged 0–12 years, comprising 105 single fathers and 301 single mothers. Participants were recruited through online platforms, service centers, and community networks. However, uneven regional representation and limited digital access may constrain generalizability. Research instruments included a personal information questionnaire and the Thai Family Well-Being Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and multiple regression. The findings revealed very high overall family well-being in both groups, with spiritual development rated the highest, followed by educational development, while economic well-being was rated the lowest. No significant differences emerged between single-father and single-mother families. However, the factors influencing family well-being differed: for single fathers, negative predictors included work-hour patterns and obstacles to work-family balance. For single mothers, family income and help-seeking behavior were positive predictors, while work-family balance obstacles were negative predictors.

Life After the Classroom: Challenges of Retired Elementary Teachers in the Philippines

Albert C. Albina — 2025-10-17

This study primarily aimed to explore the challenges experienced by retired elementary teachers in Bayawan City, Province of Negros Oriental, Philippines, focusing on their financial, physical, and emotional challenges. Using a descriptive phenomenological design, this study involved conducting in-depth interviews with 12 retired elementary teachers, followed by a reflexive thematic analysis to generate key themes. The researchers generated three themes: difficulty in managing one’s financial life, difficulty in dealing with old age and aging, and difficulty in transitioning from employment to retirement. Results show that financial difficulties are prevalent among retirees, particularly those who opt for a lump sum payment instead of a regular pension. This decision often leads to financial instability, making it hard for retirees to meet daily needs and afford necessary medications, resulting in stress and ineffective resource management. Health maintenance is another significant challenge, as retirees must manage chronic conditions, maintain a healthy lifestyle, and cope with the physical limitations that accompany the aging process. Furthermore, transitioning from employment to retirement presents emotional challenges, as retirees often struggle to find new sources of joy and engagement. The findings underscore the importance of comprehensive support systems that encompass financial planning, health management programs, and social engagement opportunities to enhance the quality of life and promote satisfactory aging among retired elementary teachers.

Influence of Employers on Employees’ Family Decisions: Perspective of Employees of Russian Companies

Oksana Shubat — 2025-10-04

Addressing Russia’s negative demographic trends requires the formulation of novel and more effective policy measures. One measure actively implemented in Russia in recent years involves engaging businesses in addressing demographic issues through corporate demographic policies. This study aims to assess the potential influence of employers on employees’ family decisions by analyzing employees’ perceptions of that influence. Our research is based on a survey conducted across 15 regions of Russia. The results indicate that the vast majority of employees acknowledge that companies have moral obligations and should provide targeted support to employees with children. We propose an index of employers’ positive influence on employees’ family decisions, which shows that employees are moderately optimistic about that influence. Differences in this index were identified and analyzed among employee groups. Directions for future research are also suggested. The contributions of this study are both theoretical and empirical in nature. While the theoretical contribution addresses the development of the scholarly debate on the theory of the corporation as a moral person, the empirical contribution comprises a set of findings that facilitate the development of more effective corporate demographic policies.

Temporal and Sentiment Analysis of Alcohol-Related Tweets in Thailand During 2023: Patterns and Trends in Online Discourse

Francois René Lamy — 2025-09-26

There is a paucity of research concerning the content and temporalities of alcohol-related social media texts posted in the Thai language. A total of 12,065,726 tweets were collected between January 1, 2023, and May 23, 2023, based on thirteen alcohol-related keywords. Three native Thai speakers manually coded 15,000 random tweets to explore the type, sentiment, and content of collected tweets. “Personal communications” represented 49.1% of the sample, 15.3% were coded as “Pornography-related,” and 35.6% as “Irrelevant.” Among the personal communication tweets, 81.1% were coded as Neutral, 4.9% as Positive, and 14.0% as Negative. Despite a higher volume of negative tweets, only one prevention-oriented tweet was found during the qualitative content analysis. The coded tweets were further used to train supervised machine learning algorithms to identify posts labelled as positive, neutral, and negative within the whole dataset. Temporal heatmaps of positive, neutral, and negative personal communication tweets were then generated. Negative tweets were more likely to be posted on Sunday evening (from 17:00 to midnight) and Monday early afternoon (13:00 to 15:00), while positive tweets were frequently posted on the evenings (after 20:00), especially Monday. Our results can be used to disseminate alcohol-related health prevention messages at the time and day(s) of the week when such messages would be most read on X.

Addressing Suicide Risk in Indonesian Early Adolescents: Investigation of Combined Therapeutic Approaches

Atih Rahayuningsih — 2025-09-24

Suicide is a significant global public health problem, including in Indonesia. This study investigated a combined therapeutic approach to reduce suicide risk in early adolescents in Jakarta, Indonesia. The intervention group of 75 individuals received a combined therapy that included group therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and thought-stopping techniques, while the control group of 79 individuals received education only. Data were collected through pre-tests and post-tests using the Adolescent Mental Resilience Instrument. Data were analyzed using SPSS in two stages to obtain descriptive (mean) and inferential (chi-square) descriptions. Results showed that the intervention group experienced a significant reduction in suicide risk compared to the control group during the intervention period. In the analysis of participant characteristics, most adolescents had high levels of protection and low levels of suicide risk. This study indicates that a combined intervention that includes group therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and thought-stopping can effectively reduce suicide risk in early adolescence.

Impact of Climate Change on Dengue Incidence: A Systematic Review of Evidence from Southeast Asia

Agung Sutriyawan — 2025-09-11

The issue of climate change has been recognized as a significant global concern, with the potential to have a profound impact on public health outcomes worldwide. Southeast Asia is a region highly susceptible to an increase in dengue incidence, which is influenced by climatic factors such as rainfall and temperature. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between climate change and the incidence of dengue in Southeast Asia. This systematic review, conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, searched the Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Emerald databases using relevant keywords. Inclusion criteria were observational studies from peer-reviewed journals published between 2004 and 2024 that reported dengue incidence and quantitative associations with climate exposures. Eighteen articles met the inclusion criteria after a screening process. The analysis revealed an association of the incidence of dengue with temperature and rainfall. The majority of studies have reported that rising temperatures are associated with an increase in dengue cases. The majority of studies have identified a positive association with the incidence of dengue and rainfall. Findings for humidity were more complex, with some studies showing a negative correlation and others a positive correlation. Results for wind speed were also inconsistent across studies. This review highlights the significant association between climatic factors, particularly temperature and rainfall, of dengue transmission in Southeast Asia. Rising temperatures and increased rainfall are strongly associated with higher dengue incidence, likely by creating favorable conditions for mosquito breeding and virus transmission. The results underscore the need to incorporate climate data into dengue early warning systems and vector control strategies in dengue-endemic regions.

A Structural Equation Model of Fund Management and Member Self-Reliance in Thai Village Financial Institutions: A Case Study of the Ban Huai Thuan Village Fund

Ausanakorn Tavarom — 2025-09-08

Community financial organizations create capital systems, developing grassroots economies while village funds strengthen members’ self-reliance. This study aimed to analyze the consistency of the member self-reliance model and examine the direct, indirect, and total associations between the proposed factors and the self-reliance of Ban Huai Thuan Village Fund members. Using simple random sampling, 260 fund members completed questionnaires. Data analysis employed Structural Equation Modeling to examine model consistency between the proposed model and the empirical data, as well as to explore the associations among variables. Results demonstrated that a structural equation model of fund management and member self-reliance in Thai Village Financial Institutions is consistent with empirical data, as indicated by indices: χ² = 54.847, df = 42, p value = .0883, χ²/df = 1.305, CFI = 0.996, TLI = 0.992, RMSEA = 0.034, SRMR = 0.026. It was also found that fund management and the strength of the fund are positively associated with member self-reliance. Fund management is positively related to the strength of the fund and is indirectly associated with member self-reliance through its relationship with fund strength. Fund management shows the strongest association with member self-reliance, followed by fund strength.

Factors Associated With Burnout Syndrome Among Healthcare Workers at Sub-District Health Promoting Hospitals in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand

Suphaphorn Boonthep — 2025-08-20

The recent transfer of sub-district Health Promoting Hospitals (SHPHs) from the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) to a Provincial Administrative Organization (PAO) in Thailand has created new organizational challenges and role adaptations for healthcare workers, potentially increasing their risk of burnout. Understanding factors associated with burnout in this transitional context is crucial for developing effective support systems and ensuring sustainable local health service delivery. This cross-sectional analytical study aimed to investigate factors associated with burnout syndrome among healthcare workers in SHPHs under the Khon Kaen PAO. Data were collected from 315 healthcare workers between November and December 2024, using self-administered questionnaires that measured socioeconomic status, social support, stress, quality of work life, and burnout. The study found that 29.21% of participants experienced high levels of burnout. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that healthcare workers with limited opportunities for personal skill development had 7.73 times higher odds of burnout compared to those with high skill development opportunities. Workers experiencing moderate to very high stress levels had 3.68 times higher odds of burnout compared to those with low-stress levels. A low work-life balance was associated with 2.89 times higher odds of burnout compared to a high work-life balance. The model demonstrated high discriminative ability, with an ROC-AUC of 0.8276. The findings suggest the need for establishing provincial-level training institutes for continuous professional development, implementing stress management systems, and developing flexible work arrangements. Additionally, national policies supporting the transfer of health services to local administration should emphasize systematic workforce capacity building through structured training programs, career advancement pathways, and competency-based skill enhancement that facilitate professional growth. These interventions could help prevent burnout and sustainably strengthen local health systems.

Mortality Patterns Among Urban Poor Populations: A Scoping Review of Social Determinants, Disease Burden, and Healthcare Access

Pattarachit Choompol Gozzoli — 2025-08-07

This scoping review examines the causes of death among urban poor populations, with a focus on the interplay between infectious and non-communicable diseases, social determinants of health, and external factors. Based on a synthesis of 29 empirical studies, it identifies how overcrowded, unhygienic environments contribute to infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS and COVID-19 (prevalence ranging from 15% to 35%). In contrast, non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular conditions and diabetes stem from systemic barriers to healthcare. This study highlights the importance of enhancing healthcare services, bolstering social support systems, and addressing economic and environmental disparities. Collaborative efforts among governments, communities, and organizations are crucial to achieving sustainable public health solutions.

How Financial Factors Shape Household Happiness in China’s Aging Population

Lingqing Wang — 2025-07-31

The pursuit of happiness becomes increasingly complex within China’s rapidly aging population, as economic transitions and evolving social structures reshape the foundations of well-being. This study investigates the impact of aging on household happiness, with a specific focus on risk aversion, financial literacy, and household debt. Utilizing data from the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) for 2015, 2017, and 2019, and applying ordered logistic regression models, the analysis reveals that a higher proportion of older household members is generally associated with reduced happiness, primarily due to increased risk aversion and financial conservatism. However, financial literacy significantly moderates this effect, enabling older households to make more informed decisions and maintain greater emotional and financial stability. Notably, the study reveals a modest yet surprising positive relationship between household debt and happiness, suggesting that, when managed effectively, debt can provide liquidity and support financial flexibility in aging households. These findings underscore the importance of promoting targeted financial literacy programs, particularly for older and multigenerational families, as well as developing debt management tools tailored to the needs of aging populations. Policymakers are encouraged to support intergenerational cohabitation through tax incentives, flexible housing schemes, and financial planning services, thereby strengthening household resilience and enhancing overall well-being in the face of demographic aging.

Advancements and Challenges of Government-Initiated Tourism Development for Sustainable Livelihood: The Case of the Mandalika Destination, Indonesia

Ambar Widaningrum — 2025-07-15

Mandalika, a super-priority tourism site within Lombok Island’s Special Economic Zone (SEZ), poses a concern to locals. This study examines the impact of tourism development on the sustainability of local economies, the adaptations made by local communities to accommodate tourism, and the government’s initiatives to support local communities and promote sustainable tourism-related livelihoods. This study employs a qualitative research method. The data collection comprised both primary and secondary sources. Thematic analysis was utilized to identify primary themes and patterns relevant to the study issue. It serves as an essential instrument for analyzing data gathered from the perspectives of indigenous peoples, non-governmental organization activists, tourism business managers, and local government authorities. This study reveals that policies have neglected local adaptability. The Mandalika tourism mega-project resulted in the displacement of indigenous populations, leading to a decline in their income. This research challenges the notion that tourism enhances the local economy. Prioritizing economic growth over social well-being diverts governmental focus from local communities, presenting a significant issue. Strengthening support for life adjustments would improve societal well-being. The government should mitigate hazards and prevent the adverse impacts of mega-project development on the community.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Reasons for Cannabis Use for Health Purposes Among Older Thai Adults: A Mixed-Methods Study

Pulawit Thongtaeng — 2025-07-14

The legalization of cannabis in Thailand has increased its accessibility among older adults, leading to its use for managing various health problems based on personal perceptions. However, such use may increase the risk of side effects or adverse outcomes. A sequential explanatory mixed methods design was used to explore cannabis use for healthcare purposes among older adults. A survey utilizing questionnaires on knowledge, attitude, and cannabis use behavior was administered to 180 older Thai adults in Chiang Mai Province. Then, 30 participants took part in in-depth semi-structured interviews. Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test were used to analyze quantitative data, while qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis. The quantitative research results showed that older adults had a moderate level of knowledge about cannabis (x̅ = 11.2, SD = 1.72), a neutral attitude towards cannabis (x̅ = 3.5, SD = 0.50), and 33 older adults (18.3%) used cannabis for health maintenance. The qualitative findings revealed that older adults mainly obtained information about cannabis through online media. Although they acknowledged its benefits, they emphasized the importance of using it appropriately and in an informed manner. Alleviating health problems was the vital reason older adults used cannabis, obtaining it from sources both within and outside their community. The outcomes included effective and ineffective, leading to managing the effects of cannabis by discontinuing use and seeking information. Nurses should organize educational programs to promote accurate knowledge of the benefits and side effects of cannabis use, ensure access to reliable information sources, and monitor for potential adverse symptoms to support informed decision-making among older adults.

Family Interactions Among Family Caregivers and Other Family Members of Older Adults with Dementia (OAWD) in Indonesia: A Phenomenological Analysis

Dewi Cahyani Puspitasari — 2025-07-04

Previous studies emphasize the effects of dementia on families, particularly those providing care. However, understanding of how caregiving influences the relationships between family caregivers and other relatives is limited, especially in the context of caring for older adults with dementia (OAWD) in Indonesia. The objective of this study is to explore the experiences of family caregivers of OAWD and other family members who face challenges and to understand the mechanisms of adaptation in family interactions within the context of caregiving for OAWD in Indonesia. This study employed a phenomenological research design involving in-depth interviews with thirty respondents: 15 family caregivers and 15 family members from one family relationship. Thematic analysis identified patterns from respondents’ perspectives. Family caregiver interactions and adaptations can be categorized into six themes. Findings highlight the significance of family interactions, strengthening ties, and adaptability in managing demanding roles. Caregivers and family members experience changes in interactions across diverse dementia care settings at home. It emphasizes the need for intervention support for families, as endorsed by policy and caregiver groups, aiming to enhance the care-life balance. This support is crucial for meeting the requirements of families with dementia care needs at home.

Elder Abuse Among Older Adults With Chronic Illness in Northern Thailand: Causes, Consequences, and Coping Strategies

Pulawit Thongtaeng — 2025-06-28

Older adults with chronic illnesses are vulnerable to experiencing abuse due to their reliance on others for their care. A sequential explanatory mixed-method approach encompassing a survey involving 462 older adults with chronic illnesses to examine the nature of elder abuse and predictive factors, and conducting in-depth interviews with a cohort of 30 older adult victims to gain insights into the causes and consequences of elder abuse and their strategies for coping with it. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to analyze the quantitative data, while the qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis. The most prevalent form of elder abuse was psychological abuse at 58.4%. Elder abuse results from a combination of factors specific to both the victims and perpetrators. The outcomes of elder abuse encompass physical pain, emotional pain, diminished self-worth, and a lack of desire to live. Strategies employed to address abuse encompassed running away from home, confiding in trusted individuals, and increased self-reliance. Elder abuse has negative consequences on the physical and psychological well-being of older adult victims. Healthcare professionals, including nurses, play an essential role in prevention by identifying potential abuse, enhancing caregiver skills, promoting healthy family relationships, and working with communities to establish surveillance systems for at-risk older adults. These efforts should be supported by interdisciplinary collaboration with local leaders and government agencies to address issues such as substance abuse.

Understanding Caregiver Perspectives on the Management of Individuals With Parkinson’s Disease in Thailand: A Qualitative Study

Fuengfa Khobkhun — 2025-06-27

Caregivers’ perspectives, knowledge, and coping strategies critically influence the care of individuals with Parkinson’s disease. This study explores the experiences, challenges, coping mechanisms, and support needs of caregivers in Thailand. Ten caregivers from the Physical Therapy Centre at Mahidol University participated in face-to-face, in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis identified four key themes: understanding of Parkinson’s disease, daily caregiving responsibilities, concerns and challenges in Parkinson’s care, and unmet needs and expectations. Caregivers reported difficulties managing motor symptoms, particularly during medication ‘off’ periods, and identified physiotherapy as a significant concern. They described challenges in sustaining motivation and selecting appropriate exercises. Without formal training, caregivers relied on self-learning through online platforms, hospital brochures, and personal experience. Emotional strain, fear of causing harm, and time burdens related to medication and care routines were commonly reported. Significant unmet needs included access to stage-specific educational materials, practical physiotherapy guidance, and financial support. These findings highlight the multifaceted challenges faced by caregivers, particularly in terms of managing symptoms and accessing limited information and resources. Addressing these gaps through structured caregiver education, physiotherapy training, and support services is essential to enhance caregiving capacity and improve care outcomes for individuals with Parkinson’s.

Current Height Status and the Discrepancy from Government Growth Targets for 2026 and 2036 Among 9–12-Year-Old Children in Mae Hong Son, Thailand

Siwaporn Mahathamnuchock — 2025-06-25

Childhood height is a critical indicator of nutritional status and overall health. This cross-sectional study examined factors associated with current and projected future height among school-aged children (9–12 years old) in Mae Hong Son, Thailand. A total of 175 participants were selected from 823 eligible children using systematic sampling across two semi-urban subdistricts. Descriptive statistics summarized sociodemographic and health-related characteristics. One-sample t-tests were used to assess differences between participants’ heights and national reference standards, as well as government target heights for 2026 and 2036. Multiple linear regression identified early childhood development (β = 0.16, p = .039) and sufficient food and nutrition (β = 0.17, p = .022) as significant predictors of current height. Among males, projected height shortfalls ranged from 2.25 to 5.69 cm in 2026 and 7.25 to 10.69 cm in 2036, with most age groups showing statistically significant differences. Among females, the 2026 data showed mixed results, with some age groups exceeding targets, while the 2036 projections revealed consistent shortfalls, with the most significant deficit of -6.69 cm at age 9. These findings reveal age- and gender-specific disparities in meeting national growth targets. Comprehensive, multisectoral interventions addressing nutrition and early childhood development are crucial for enhancing child growth outcomes in rural Thailand.

Sex of First Child and Actual Fertility Among Vietnamese Women from Generations X, Y, and Z: Examining Intergenerational Patterns of Son Preference

Yen Thi Hai Nguyen — 2025-06-20

Drawing on data from the 2020–21 Vietnam Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), which includes 7,813 women from Generations X, Y, and Z, this study makes a unique contribution by applying survival analysis to examine intergenerational shifts in son preference—an approach not previously applied, to our knowledge. The analysis investigates how the sex of the first child affects both the likelihood and timing of subsequent children. The findings reveal that son preference persists, with Generation Z demonstrating a stronger inclination toward having sons compared to Generations X and Y, despite Vietnam’s notable economic progress and policy efforts to address gender imbalance. This persistent pattern likely reflects deeply rooted institutional and cultural norms that favor male offspring. As a result, women may feel compelled to continue childbearing until a son is born, driven by the belief that sons offer better social and economic prospects. These insights highlight the urgent need for more targeted policy interventions to challenge the cultural son preference, especially in the context of Vietnam’s declining fertility rates.

Body Satisfaction, Anxiety, and Social Comparisons: Case Study From Indonesia on the Influence of Sociocultural and Biological Factors

Kania Dewi Rafa — 2025-06-01

This study described body satisfaction and anxiety levels, analyzed associated factors, and examined their relationship. A total of 1,815 respondents (male: 594; female: 1,221) completed an online questionnaire comprising the Body Image State Scale (BISS), Physical Appearance State and Trait Anxiety Scale (PASTAS), and the Upward and Downward Comparison Scale (UPACS and DACS). The data were analyzed using the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and the Kruskal-Wallis test in R Studio. The results demonstrated that respondents’ body satisfaction in this study was high (M = 5.55, SD = 1.85). The score for body anxiety in this research was categorized as low (M = 17.47, SD = 15.23). Respondents showed a greater tendency toward upward body comparison than downward body comparison. Body satisfaction has a positive correlation with age and a negative correlation with BMI, while higher social media use correlates with increased body anxiety. Place of residence and partnership were also correlated with body satisfaction and anxiety. Moreover, self-declaration and sociocultural factors were correlated with body satisfaction and anxiety. Furthermore, the greater the body satisfaction, the lower the body anxiety. However, this study does not include detailed ethnic data, which limits its ability to analyze cultural differences.

The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Musculoskeletal Discomfort Among Selected Students at Caraga State University, Butuan City, Caraga Region, Philippines

Dapnie Jane P. Nato — 2025-05-03

Musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD) can affect a person’s ability to perform their job effectively, resulting in missed workdays and lower productivity. Prolonged periods of immobility can cause excessive strain on muscles and joints, particularly in the neck, back, and shoulders, resulting in symptoms such as headaches, backaches, neck pain, and shoulder discomfort. This study explored how common musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD) is and identified the factors that may contribute to it. Also, associate these risk factors among 1st-year students officially enrolled in 1st semester, A.Y. 2022–2023 in Caraga State University-Main Campus, Ampayon, Butuan City, Agusan del Norte. A total of 341 students from all seven colleges participated in the survey. Results revealed a high prevalence of MSD in the neck, shoulders, lower and upper back, wrists/hands, and elbows over the previous 12 months and a high prevalence during the last seven days in the shoulders, upper, and lower back. Also, there is a significant association between MSD and respondents’ age, gender, and college course. Females were more likely to experience MSD than males. Laptop/computer usage and time spent on electronic devices were significant risk factors for MSD. In contrast, physical activity engagement did not show a significant relationship with MSD over the previous 12 months, except for upper back discomfort during the last seven days. Consequently, the prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD) and its associated risk variables are significantly correlated among first-year students at Caraga State University (CSU). To reduce the impact of MSDs on the student body, implementing a comprehensive strategy that addresses both environmental and human aspects is suggested.

Livelihood Strategies and Socioeconomic Adaptation of Resettled Households from the Mokattam Project in Asmarat District, Cairo, Egypt

Amany Abd El-Rahman — 2025-05-01

Forced displacement profoundly impacted households’ financial and social circumstances. This study analyzes the effects of adaptive livelihood strategies as well as economic shocks on the post-resettlement outcomes of households in the Asmarat district in Mokattam, Egypt. We adapted the model for sustainable livelihoods to analyze data from an interview of 693 households after resettlement from 2014 to 2024. The findings show that increasing earnings was a key strategy that positively influenced the livelihood outcomes of resettled households. The study emphasizes the significance for policymakers and urban planners by illustrating the positive effects of adopting a livelihoods approach to assess financial and activity outcomes for resettled households. It recommends developing comprehensive policies that address relocation and ensure the long-term, sustainable recovery of livelihoods and the overall well-being of resettled households.

Barefoot Health: The Healthy Lifestyle Path of Monks in Thailand

Saichol Panyachit — 2025-04-25

The dimensions of cultural norms and health lifestyles reveal that individuals within each society group have distinct health lifestyles. Based on 96 Thai monks, this research aims to study the healthy lifestyle path of Buddhist monks in Thailand. This investigates the plausibility of healthy lifestyles under the control of existing cultural contexts and religious institutions. The data collected from this research, which are based on free-listing and semi-structured interviews with monks, show the complexity of the health lifestyle of Thai monks. The results reveal that Thai monks need to consider living by Buddhist doctrine and healthy behavior. Therefore, the development of monks’ health needs to be done using health knowledge, the Dhamma code of discipline, and mutual Buddhist education. Monks live under the Dhamma-Vinaya, a social structure that shapes their health behaviors. Moreover, the health of monks is different from that of other population groups due to the conditions of the Book of Discipline; health behavior cannot be considered separate from the social structure, such as the health disparities observed due to dietary practices.

Understanding Commuting Mode Choices in Bangkok: The Role of Sociodemographics and Urban Structure in Shaping Transportation Preferences

Wichan Choorat — 2025-04-25

This study investigates commuting patterns in Bangkok between 2015 and 2023 and examines the influence of demographic, socioeconomic, and spatial factors on commuting mode choices. The microdata from the 2015 and 2023 Migration Survey from the Thailand National Statistical Office were used to identify significant shifts in age distribution, educational attainment, and employment status among commuters. The findings reveal a growing preference for private transport among older, higher-education, and higher-skilled individuals, while public transport continues to serve as a vital mode of commuting for women, employees, and lower-skilled commuters. Therefore, the development of basic infrastructure and transport systems is needed to ensure that they are equally accessible, convenient, and safe for all people. It is also essential to expand public transport routes such as buses, BTS Skytrain, and MRT subway system to the outskirts of Bangkok to reduce reliance on private cars.

Analyzing Menstruating Interval to the First Conception: An Application of CPH and AFT Models

Brijesh P. Singh — 2025-04-25

Survival analysis techniques analyze the time-to-event data. In survival analysis, there are two essential methods: Semiparametric and parametric methods. The semiparametric Cox proportional hazard (CPH) model is frequently used to analyze demographic survival data. However, the presumption of proportional hazard (PH) is not always met in real-life data. Meanwhile, one can use parametric Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) models as an alternative when the PH assumption does not hold. The main purpose of this article is to analyze and compare the performances of the CPH model and AFT models in identifying the significant covariates affecting the menstruating interval to first conception (MIFC). In this article, three parametric AFT distributions based on Exponential, Weibull, and Log-normal distributions are used to check the performance. We have shown the violation of having a proportional hazard assumption with the help of a graphical technique and statistical test. According to the Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), we have found that the Weibull AFT model is best suited for the data. Further in this paper, we have identified the significant factors affecting the MIFC. Analysis reveals that covariates such as age at marriage, place of residence, wealth index, mother’s education, and Mass media exposure are significant factors affecting the menstruating interval to first conception in Uttar Pradesh.

Resilience, Dispositional Hope, and Psychological Well-Being Among Chinese College Students: Perceived Social Support as a Mediator

Yan Zheng — 2025-04-25

Research on the psychological well-being of college students has been gaining significant attention. Over the past decade, there has been a considerable rise in anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, and suicide attempts among Chinese college students. This study used cross-sectional data to understand how perceived social support mediates the relationships between psychological well-being, dispositional hope, and resilience. The participants involved 776 students (475 females and 301 males) from five colleges in China. Four questionnaires were used to collect data. PLS-SEM analysis demonstrated that dispositional hope and resilience directly enhance psychological well-being and indirectly influence it through increased perceived social support. The bootstrapping analysis further revealed that perceived social support partially mediates the relationships between resilience and psychological well-being and dispositional hope and psychological well-being. These findings extend previous work on the complex interplay between psychological strengths and well-being, with potential implications. The limitations—including its cross-sectional design, reliance on self-reported data, and restricted sample—underscore the need for future longitudinal research to better understand causal and reciprocal relationships.

The Latent Domains of Religious Moderation Attitudes and Intercultural Competencies Within the Contexts of Multireligious and Multicultural Societies

Shonhaji — 2025-04-14

Religious moderation attitudes (RMAs) and intercultural competencies (ICs) are two crucial elements that must be internalized within Indonesia’s multireligious and multicultural societies. This study aimed to investigate the latent domains of RMAs and ICs and the cultivation of such latent domains to facilitate RMAs and ICs’ internalization. This phenomenological study purposively recruited 224 multireligious and multicultural people living in 8 regions of Indonesia. These regions became the loci due to recommendations of prior studies. Data on RMAs and ICs’ latent domains were collected through interviews and observations, and those of the cultivation of the foregoing latent domains were obtained from focus group discussion (FGD). The data analyzed using an interactive model revealed that RMAs had eight latent domains, which subsumed respect for religious freedom, openness to belief differences, awareness of pluralism, promoting harmony, active community participation, understanding extremism, cooperative religious leadership, and commitment to peace. The data then revealed latent domains of eight ICs: inclusive education, cross-cultural collaboration, reflective education, social criticism, empathy, cultural sensitivity, effective communication skills, and understanding diversity benefits. The data also showcased many strategies used by various societal parties to cultivate RMAs and ICs’ latent domains effectively. These parties were religious leaders, community leaders, social and cultural institutions, society members, educational institutions, local government, and media. It is recommended that further studies be carried out to psychometrically work on these latent domains.

Time Series Analysis of Demographic Parameters in Bangladesh

Md. Sabbir Hossain — 2025-03-20

Demographic parameters focus on the overall health status of a country. These are necessary indicators for analyzing the health status of the sustained population in Bangladesh. Econometric models fitted on six important demographic parameters separately, three of six parameters for mortality measures and the remaining for fertility measures of Bangladesh. Autoregressive models developed on the time series data of demographic parameters such as life expectancies at birth for male and female populations, crude death rates, crude birth rates, gross reproduction rates, and net reproduction rates by year from 1980 to 2015 collected from Statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh published by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. Mortality and fertility measures were predicted up to 2030 using the fitted models. The crude death rates, crude birth rates, gross reproduction rates, and net reproduction rates decreased by years from 2016 to 2030, while life expectancies at birth for the male and female populations were increasing. Government and non-government organizations and policymakers can make several decisions for more development of the sectors such as health, education, planning of food supply, and housing. Government and insurance companies in Bangladesh can also utilize the results of life expectancies at birth for the male and female population in setting the retirement age of government employees, fixing the minimum age of old age allowance, and innovating age-related rules of life insurance companies.

“If the Nipple Cracked in a Cross, the Breastmilk Will Be Poisonous”: The Barrier to Exclusive Breastfeeding in Indonesia’s Islands Area

Yasmini Fitriyati — 2025-03-16

Successful exclusive breastfeeding enhances sensory and cognitive capabilities and protects children against infectious and chronic ailments. Children’s growth and development are adversely affected by inadequate neonate feeding practices. The study aims to explore the barrier to exclusive breastfeeding in the Indonesia’s Islands area. This was a qualitative study using a thematic data analysis. Focus group discussions and interviews were conducted with community leaders, senior citizens, breastfeeding mothers, pregnant mothers, health cadres, midwives, nutritionists, health officers, religious leaders, and traditional birth attendants. The study highlights three main themes that categorize the barrier to exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia’s Islands. The first theme is the belief barrier, including the perception of the form and size of the nipples related to breastfeeding quality, religion-related traditions toward newborns, and perception of milk adequacy. The second theme related to the physiological barrier, which covered the physical condition of the breasts and the lack of milk production. The third theme is a sociological barrier associated with the working mother’s status, the child born out of wedlock, and the influence of the older family members. Identifying specific barriers within communities enables health workers to create targeted health promotion strategies, thereby enhancing the coverage and effectiveness of exclusive breastfeeding initiatives.

The Role of Community Empowerment as Mediator on the Relationship Between Psychological, Social, and Financial Capital on Rural Community Well-Being

Sarjiyanto Sarjiyanto — 2025-03-10

Community well-being is a key indicator of successful development. Community empowerment is a pivotal strategy for significantly boosting well-being, with primary goals to enhance community capacity and leverage various forms of existing capital within the community, including psychological, social, and financial capital, particularly in rural areas. This investigation focuses on how psychological, social, and financial capital enhance community well-being. This study employed a quantitative approach to explore the impact of an empowerment program in Karangasem village, Sukoharjo, Central Java. Data was gathered through questionnaires, with responses from 255 community beneficiaries. To analyze the data, SEM-PLS was utilized, leveraging the advanced capabilities of Smart PLS software, and the study reveals that while these forms of capital alone do not significantly impact well-being, their positive effects are amplified when mediated by community empowerment programs. Empowerment initiatives optimize community resources, enhancing capacity, productivity, and social networks, ultimately reducing poverty and rural development. The findings underscore the importance of integrated empowerment strategies in leveraging community capital for sustainable well-being improvements.

Sociodemographic and Health Characteristics as Influencing Factors of Adolescent Marriage: A Cluster Analysis

Yuly Sulistyorini — 2025-02-25

Adolescent marriage, for those under 20 years old, in Indonesia is mainly due to early pregnancy. In Malang Regency, adolescent marriage has led to a high fertility rate among women aged 15–19 years old, reaching 46.3 births per 1,000 women in 2020. This study aims to create cluster areas with the highest incidence of female adolescent marriage based on similarities in sociodemographic and health characteristics. This study used a cross-sectional approach using data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the Ministry of Religious Affairs, and Religious Courts, covering 33 subdistricts with 378 villages in Malang Regency, Indonesia. Sociodemographic and health characteristics were analyzed using a k-means cluster and analysis of variance utilizing ANOVA. Cluster maps were generated using the quantum geographic information system (QGIS) application. The clusters were divided into three groups. The results showed that the sociodemographic characteristics, including youth organization and rice assistance programs, and health characteristics, including the number of hospitals, community health centers, and health clinics, were the key indicators of cluster formation. The highest incidence of female adolescent marriage was observed in Cluster 2 (mountainous areas), followed by Cluster 3 (rural areas), while Cluster 1 (urban areas) had the lowest incidence.

From Crisis to Recovery: Understanding the Impact of COVID-19 on Indonesian Employment Dynamics

Lilik Sugiharti — 2025-02-22

This research analyzes the impact of the economic disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on Indonesia’s labor market by utilizing data from SAKERNAS, or the National Labor Force Survey, for 2020 and 2021. A logistic regression model is used to analyze the impact of sociodemographic factors, job-related variables, and the Kartu Prakerja (a pre-employment program focused on training and skill development) on unemployment, labor force participation, and reduced working hours caused by the economic disruption of COVID-19. The findings underscore the enduring repercussions of the pandemic on employment landscapes, with pronounced impacts observed among older workers, married individuals, less educated workers, and urban residents. The manufacturing and service sectors experienced more significant implications than agriculture, revealing sector-specific challenges. Kartu Prakerja influenced working hour reductions in 2021, showing the effects of evolving government intervention. Increased Internet use was linked to reduced working hours, signaling the need for accelerated digital skill programs for jobs dependent on Internet use.

Healthy Aging in Place: Technology Utilization Among Older Adults in Khlong Mahasawat, Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand

Mark Stephan Felix — 2025-02-15

This research sought to explore the social support needs of older adults who age in place and their health-related technology utilization. A qualitative exploratory phenomenological approach framed the research. Twenty-one participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling in collaboration with health and community leaders from a sub-district hospital in Khlong Mahasawat, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. Data were collected using one-on-one interviews. All interviews were audio recorded, translated, and transcribed. Data were analyzed via content analysis matrices and interpreted using the phenomenological principles of intersubjectivity, internalization, and externalization. Sources of social support for using health-related technology by older adults who age in place included family members, community members, and health professionals. Data indicated the necessity for the social support of affordable digital devices, educational health-related social support, and customized social support for and by older adults. The heterogeneity of the older adult population who age in place, its increasing health concerns, and literacy levels require personalizing social support measures to promote further use of health-related technology. The limited use of health-related technology may be ameliorated by including stakeholders in creating customized social support programs, including older adults in policymaking regarding health-related technology creation and use, and including older adults in online scam education and prevention.

Children Having Children: Unveiling Child Marriage and Its Impact Among Boys and Girls in Vietnam

Nguyen Van Bao — 2025-02-10

Research on child marriage has predominantly focused on girls, leaving boys’ experiences largely understudied. This study aims to address this gap by exploring the experiences of child brides and grooms, emphasizing the distinct disadvantages each gender faces. Specifically, it investigates the following research questions: (i) What health and reproductive outcomes are associated with child brides and grooms? (ii) How does child marriage influence discriminatory attitude and stigma among boys and girls? (iii) How does child marriage impact the subjective well-being of both genders? Logistic regression analyses were performed using data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), a nationally representative survey conducted in Vietnam. The findings revealed significant associations between child marriage and early parenthood for both boys and girls. Child brides were more likely to express negative attitudes toward domestic violence and hold discriminatory views about HIV-positive individuals. Meanwhile, child grooms exhibited a higher likelihood of feeling ashamed of living with HIV-positive individuals. Gender differences also emerged in subjective well-being outcomes. Boys who married early were less likely to perceive their lives improved than those who married later, whereas early-married girls were more likely to have a positive view of their lives. The findings hold significant implications for shaping initiatives to prevent and mitigate child marriage, not only in Vietnam but also throughout the Southeast Asia region.

Exploring the Reduction in Childhood Undernutrition in Morocco (2003–2018): Insights From a Decomposition Analysis

Mustapha Berrouyne — 2025-02-10

Despite significant progress, childhood undernutrition remains a critical public health challenge in Morocco, impacting child development and well-being. This study examines the drivers behind the reduction in undernutrition between 2003 and 2018, employing multilevel logistic regression and Fairlie decomposition analysis to assess the influence of socioeconomic, demographic, and contextual factors. Using data from the 2003–2004 and 2018 National Survey on Population and Family Health (NSPFH), the findings underscore the pivotal roles of improved maternal education, enhanced child healthcare access, and better household living conditions, including access to clean water and sanitation. However, rural areas lag significantly behind their urban counterparts, highlighting persistent regional disparities that demand urgent attention. These results underline the critical need for targeted interventions to advance maternal education, strengthen healthcare infrastructure, and prioritize rural development. This study highlights past achievements by aligning with long-term development objectives and global health initiatives. It provides actionable insights to sustain and accelerate reductions in childhood undernutrition in Morocco.