Journal of MCU Peace Studies

Mindfulness, Wisdom and Loving-Kindness (MWL) Meditation and Its Role in Enhancing Family Cohesion and Mental Well-Being

Nattaya Waewsawat, Phramaha Weerasak Abhinandavedi — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study examines how Mindfulness, Wisdom, and Loving-kindness (MWL) meditation can be a crucial tool for families with children who have unique requirements. This study, grounded in Buddhist psychology and peace studies, aimed to: (1) To study the difficulties and obstacles experienced by families caring and scientific knowledge for parenting of special needs children; and (2) To study the family caring aims to happiness and the meditation courses for the families based on Buddhist scripture. Conducted by the Buddhamahametta Foundation, the study utilized a qualitative approach involving 21 caregiving families and 10 interdisciplinary specialists, Buddhist teachings, paediatric care, expressive therapy, education, and the Founder of BaanMaeNok Learning Centre of Persons with Disabilities Association. Data was collected through a questionnaire and focus groups discussion.

The MWL program incorporated fundamental Buddhist practices such as mindfulness breathing, loving-kindness chanting, and contemplative reflections, specifically designed to enhance emotional regulation and foster family harmony. Findings revealed that families frequently struggle with emotional exhaustion, financial hardships, and social disconnection. Nonetheless, MWL practices significantly enhanced emotional awareness, compassionate communication, and mental resilience. Feedback after the course revealed a heightened sense of inner peace, improved caregiving perspectives, and a feeling of spiritual continuity through the daily application of MWL techniques. Participants also mentioned an enhanced feeling of community and shared understanding during the group meditation sessions. The study emphasizes MWL meditation as a culturally pertinent and psychologically advantageous instrument for promoting peace within caregiving settings. Its brief, structured format provides enduring emotional and spiritual support, aligning traditional Buddhist teachings with the contemporary needs of family care. These results highlight the necessity of incorporating spiritually based interventions into broader caregiving frameworks.

Investigation Language Teaching Styles and Strategies: A Case Study of a Professional Filipino Teacher of English Teaching in Thailand

Sirikarn Thongmak — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This qualitative research aims to investigate the teaching styles and strategies employed by a professional Filipino English teacher in Thailand, as well as the contextual factors influencing their application in the classroom. The study utilized a single-case study approach. Data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis. The key informant was one Filipino English teacher with over 20 years of teaching experience in Thai educational settings.

The research instruments included an interview protocol, observation checklist, and content analysis framework. Thematic analysis was employed to examine the data, ensuring triangulation across multiple sources to enhance validity.

Findings reveal that the participant adopted a hybrid teaching style, shifting flexibly among expert, formal authority, facilitator, and delegator roles depending on instructional goals and classroom dynamics. Influential factors included curriculum requirements, student proficiency, class size, and available teaching time. Commonly used techniques included elicitation, modeling, group and pair work, error correction, and the use of authentic materials.

The study concludes that the teacher’s choices were not arbitrary but were strategically aligned with learners’ needs and lesson objectives. The findings underscore the importance of adaptive pedagogy and confirm that Non-Native English-Speaking Teachers (NNESTs), particularly from ASEAN countries, bring valuable cultural sensitivity, instructional flexibility, and learner-centered approaches to multilingual classrooms. This research contributes to the literature on effective English language instruction in intercultural contexts.

Development of a Hybrid Course Management Model to Enhance Uniball Skills for Students in Jiangxi Environmental Engineering Vocational College

Xie Xiaohui, Supeerapat Pimmas, Theeraphab Phetmalaikul — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed (1) to investigate the needs of students for enhancing Uniball skills through hybrid courses, and (2) to develop a hybrid course management model to enhance Uniball skills for students. An exploratory mixed-methods design was employed. In Phase 1, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 411 vocational college students to analyze their learning needs and the challenges they faced. In Phase 2, focus group interviews were held with 9 experienced physical education teachers to gather insights into key instructional challenges, teaching experiences, and the feasibility of hybrid implementation.

The research result was found that:

A significant gap between students’ current learning experiences and their expectations was identified, with key areas for improvement including the enhancement of technical and tactical skills, increased opportunities for interactive and collaborative learning, and the need for richer teaching resources and more flexible course structures. Students also highlighted challenges related to insufficient feedback, limited access to systematic learning materials, and a lack of diverse teaching methods.
The model was structured around five instructional phases and supported by three core components: collaborative learning management strategies, digital tools and platform integration, and a process-oriented multidimensional evaluation system.

Talent Management in Creating Competitive Advantage for Government and Private Organizations, Bangkok Metropolitan

Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The research objectives were: (1) to study the conditions of talent management in creating competitive advantage for government and private organizations, Bangkok Metropolitan, (2) to study the problems and obstacles of talent management in creating competitive advantage for government and private organizations, Bangkok Metropolitan, and (3) to study the guidelines of talent management in creating competitive advantage for government and private organizations, Bangkok Metropolitan. The research was qualitative. Key informants in this study were the government and private organizations in Bangkok Metropolitan personnel, and academics, totaling 21 key informants by a purposive selection. The research instrument used a semi-structured interview. Analyzing data was a descriptive summary.

The research results found that: (1) the conditions of talent management in creating competitive advantage for government and private organizations, Bangkok Metropolitan included recruiting talent from inside and outside the organization, and developing personnel in line with the organization’s vision, strategy, and environment. Development covered intellectual, emotional, and moral intelligence, with a clear and fair performance measurement framework. Qualified personnel were promoted to key positions with higher remuneration and rewards. KPI-based management encouraged continuous high performance, career growth, and retention of talent staff, (2) the problems and obstacles included challenges in compensation and benefits in both public and private organizations, and (3) the guidelines suggested promoting the organization’s image, creating a motivating culture, and at the national level, attracting high-potential personnel globally through benefits, competitive compensation, and special visas.

Enhancing English Language Teaching through Digital Transformation in Higher Education: A Case Study of Chiang Rai Rajabhat University

Natthaphon Santhi, Sirikanya Dawilai — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to investigate: 1) the impact of digital transformation on students’ English language proficiency; 2) students’ perceptions of their English language learning through digital platforms; and 3) students’ digital literacy skills in the context of English online learning. The participants were 749 first-year students enrolled in the General English for Communication (GEN2001) course during the first semester of the 2021 academic year. A mixed-methods design was employed, including pre- and post-tests to measure language proficiency and a student satisfaction survey with Likert-scale and open-ended items to assess perceptions and digital literacy. Instruction was delivered using the Bichronous Online Instruction (BOI) model, integrating real-time sessions via Google Meet and Google Classroom with asynchronous tasks on the English Discoveries Online (EDO) platform.

The research results were found that:

The findings revealed a statistically significant improvement in post-test scores (p < 0.001) and increased student confidence in digital learning.
Survey results indicated positive perceptions of the BOI approach, with 82% expressing greater comfort in navigating online platforms.
Qualitative responses emphasized engagement, self-paced learning, and motivation, though challenges such as connectivity and the need for guidance were reported.

The study recommends optimizing digital tools, enhancing support systems, and refining instructional strategies to promote effective and inclusive digital English language learning.

Social Work Practice in Conflict Contexts: Roles, Ethics and Challenges

Suwara Kaewnuy — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to examine the professional roles, ethics, and challenges of social workers in conflict-affected areas. The research employed a qualitative documentary research methodology through a systematic literature review. Data collection involved searching databases in both English and Thai languages, covering the period from 2004 to 2024 (B.E. 2547-2567). The data were analyzed using thematic analysis, with categories derived from key issues identified in the dataset. The findings reveal that social workers play diverse roles across three levels: Individual level, community, and Societal and policy levels. Regarding ethics and challenges, the study found that social workers face complex ethical dilemmas, including maintaining neutrality, managing ethical conflicts, and allocating limited resources. Additional challenges include safety concerns, psychological impacts from shared traumatic experiences between service providers and users (shared traumatic reality), conflicts between personal and professional values, and cultural competency barriers. The research leads to recommendations for developing social workers' capacity and strengthening support systems for effective practice in conflict-affected areas, including training in trauma-informed care, mediation and negotiation skills, interdisciplinary teamwork, and developing practice standards aligned with Thailand's conflict contexts.

Development of a Model to Promoting Research Competency for Vocational Teachers in Laos

Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The objectives of this research article were: (1) to examine the components of a model for promoting research competencies among vocational teachers in Laos, and (2) to develop and evaluate the appropriateness and feasibility of the model. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative research. The participants were 18 experts in vocational education from Laos, selected purposively. The research instruments included (1) document recording forms, (2) semi-structured interview guides, and (3) an evaluation form for assessing the propriety and feasibility of the model for promoting research competencies among vocational teachers in Laos. Data were analyzed using content analysis, means, and standard deviations. The research findings are as follows:

1. The study of the components of the model for promoting research competencies among vocational teachers in Laos revealed that the model comprises six main components: (1) the principles of the model, (2) promotion of research activities for teachers, (3) development of research knowledge and skills, (4) implementation of activities according to the model, (5) evaluation of the model, and (6) feedback.

2. The development of the model revealed that the model for promoting research competencies among vocational teachers in Laos consists of two main components: (1) promoting research activities for teachers and (2) developing research knowledge and skills. The evaluation of the model’s appropriateness and feasibility indicated that (1) the overall assessment of the draft model for promoting research competencies among vocational teachers was at the highest level, and (2) the overall assessment of the accompanying handbook for promoting research competencies among vocational teachers in Laos was also at the highest level.

Graduate Students’ Perspectives on Experiential Learning in Special Event Management Activities

Aswin Sangpikul — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aimed to: (1) examine graduate students’ perceptions of experiential learning projects in terms of knowledge and work skills, (2) investigate the relationship between knowledge and work skills and cognitive learning outcomes, and (3) explore the problems and obstacles students encountered while carrying out experiential learning projects. The project studied in this research was the organization of special events. The sample consisted of 23 graduate students in the tourism program at a university. The main research instrument was a questionnaire on knowledge and skills related to event project management. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation analysis).

The research findings revealed as follows: (1) In terms of knowledge, students perceived that combining classroom learning with hands-on practice in event management effectively stimulated learning, with the highest mean score ( = 4.94). Regarding work skills, students gained the most experience in coordination skills ( = 4.87); (2) The Pearson correlation analysis showed that both knowledge (r = 0.66) and work skills (r = 0.70) had a high positive correlation with cognitive learning outcomes, statistically significant at the 0.01 level; and (3) The problems and obstacles encountered in the event management project included insufficient preparation time, unclear vendor layouts, delayed communication, and low team responsibility. These findings provide guidance for higher education instructors in designing experiential learning activities that effectively enhance knowledge, work skills, and cognitive learning outcomes, particularly in the context of event management.

Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Integrated with the Scientific Writing Heuristic (SWH) Technique to Develop Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving Skills on the Topic of Applying Chemical Knowledge to Solve Problems among Grade 12 Students

Prompong Nantawach, Sknochai Chanunan — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article was a classroom action research aimed at: (1) examining approaches to implementing Problem-Based Learning (PBL) integrated with the Scientific Writing Heuristic (SWH) technique to enhance critical thinking and problem-solving skills in applying chemical knowledge among Grade 12 students, and (2) investigating the effects on students’ critical thinking and problem-solving skills following PBL integrated with SWH in chemical problem-solving. The learning model consisted of six steps: (1) identifying the problem, (2) understanding the problem, (3) collecting and organizing information, (4) conducting research collaboratively using SWH, (5) evaluating and making decisions, and (6) presenting and assessing work. The sample comprised 24 Grade 12 students selected purposively. Research instruments included three lesson plans, activity sheets, an assessment form for critical thinking and problem-solving skills, a learning behavior observation checklist, and a reflection form. The study was conducted in three cycles: Cycle 1 refers to plastic waste problem, Cycle 2 refers to oil contamination in water sources, and Cycle 3 refers to organic waste problem, over a total of 12 hours. Data were analyzed using content analysis, and credibility was ensured through triangulation.

The research findings revealed as follows: (1) The developed learning approach integrating PBL with SWH was characterized by selecting situations relevant to students’ lives, using guiding questions to promote analysis, employing clearly structured activity sheets, and organizing Gallery Walk activities for exchanging ideas. This approach enabled students to systematically analyze problems, apply diverse reasoning, and effectively reflect on their learning; and (2) students’ critical thinking and problem-solving skills improved across all components, including reasoning, systematic thinking, judgment and decision-making, and problem-solving. The greatest improvement was observed in problem-solving, followed by systematic thinking, while reasoning and judgment showed the least improvement. Nevertheless, students’ skills showed continuous growth across the three cycles, demonstrating the effectiveness of the implemented learning approach.

Effects of a Preclinical Psychiatric Nursing Preparation Program Using Virtual Simulation on the Learning Flow of Nursing Students

Wachiraporn Chotipanut, Charin Suwanvon, Narulmon Prayai — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The research article aimed to: 1) compare the levels of learning flow before and after the program between the experimental and control groups, 2) compare learning flow between the experimental and control groups during the post-test and follow-up periods, and 3) examine the effects of a preclinical psychiatric nursing preparation program using virtual simulation on learning flow. The study employed a quasi-experimental design. The population consisted of 120 third-year nursing students at Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, with a sample of 40 students. Research instruments included: (1) a self-developed learning flow measurement tool for nursing students, with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.95, and (2) a preclinical psychiatric nursing preparation program using virtual simulation, with an item-objective congruence (IOC) index ranging from 0.60 to 1.00. Data were analyzed using means, standard deviations, and one-way repeated measures MANCOVA.

The results of the study reveal as follows: 1) In the pre-trial period, the experimental group had an overall mean learning flow score of M = 4.14 (S.D. = 0.44). In the post-experimental period, the experimental group’s mean learning flow increased significantly to M = 4.57 (S.D. = 0.47), with statistical significance at the .05 level. In contrast, the control group had a pre-experiment mean of M = 4.16 (S.D. = 0.48), which increased slightly to M = 4.31 (S.D. = 0.50) after the experiment, also reaching statistical significance at the .05 level. 2) The experimental group showed a marked increase in mean learning flow (M = 4.57, S.D. = 0.47), whereas the control group showed only a slight increase (M = 4.31, S.D. = 0.50). During the follow-up period, the experimental group maintained a high level of learning flow (M = 4.68, S.D. = 0.43), while the control group exhibited a slight increase in mean scores (M = 4.40, S.D. = 0.48), with the differences reaching statistical significance at the .05 level. 3) The analysis revealed that the experimental group exhibited continuous improvement in learning flow from the post-experiment period and maintained this level during the follow-up, whereas the control group showed smaller changes. These differences were statistically significant at the .05 level, indicating the effectiveness of the program in enhancing learning flow among the experimental group.

Public Environmental Trust Proposals for Good Governance of Natural Resources

Thiti Waikavee — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aimed to: (1) examine the conceptual and legal constraints in state governance of natural resources that contribute to policy-related corruption, and (2) propose principles of a public environmental trust to enhance oversight of state authority through judicial mechanisms. The study employed a doctrinal research methodology. The findings revealed that: (1) the conceptual problem of claiming rights over natural resources stems from the interpretation by authoritarian thinkers based on the principle of territorial sovereignty under imperialist frameworks. When applied to environmental and natural resource law, this principle leads government agencies to treat themselves as owners of resources, granting them absolute rights to utilize resources similarly to private property ownership. As de facto owners, they are not held accountable for damages and their discretion cannot be effectively monitored, creating a high risk of policy-related corruption; and (2) the researcher proposed the principle of a 'public environmental trust' to strengthen oversight of discretionary powers exercised by statutory committees, based on the principle of ‘liability for public environmental benefits,’ thereby enhancing accountability and protection of public environmental interests.

Management Strategies for Collaborative Network to Improve Small Schools under Kalasin Primary Educational Service Area Office 1

Sanae Kamsommai — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aimed to develop management strategies for collaborative networks to improve small schools under the Kalasin Primary Educational Service Area Office 1. The study was conducted in two phases: (1) to examine the components, current conditions, desired conditions, and needs for collaboration. The key informants consisted of nine experts, while the sample group included 298 school administrators and teachers selected through stratified random sampling. In addition, nine key informants—comprising administrators, heads of academic affairs, and network chairpersons—were purposively selected to study the environmental context; and (2) to develop and validate the proposed management strategies. The key informants for this phase included nine experts, and another group of nine experts was purposively selected to assess the appropriateness and feasibility of the strategies. The research instruments consisted of (1) a questionnaire on the suitability of the components, (2) a questionnaire on current and desired conditions, (3) an interview form, (4) focus group discussion topics, and (5) a questionnaire on the propriety and feasibility of the strategies. The statistical methods employed were percentage, mean, standard deviation, and the priority needs index.

The research findings revealed that the study of the components identified five key elements: (1) network members, (2) participation in network activities, (3) network communication and interaction, (4) leadership of network coordinators, and (5) evaluation of operational performance. Overall, these components were rated at a high level of propriety. The current conditions were found to be at a moderate level, while the desired conditions were at the highest level. The most critical need was the evaluation of operational performance. The development and validation of the management strategies resulted in six key elements: (2.1) vision, (2.2) mission, (2.3) goals, (2.4) strategic issues, (2.5) strategy implementation, and (2.6) strategy control. The developed strategies were evaluated as being of high propriety and feasibility.

A Change-Driven Model for Developing Teachers toward Learning Management of Essential Life Skills for Students in the Modern World: A Case Study of Primary Schools in Pathum Thani Province under the Office of the Basic Education Commission

Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aimed to (1) investigate the needs for developing teachers toward learning management of essential life skills for students in the modern world in primary schools, (2) develop a change-driven model for teacher development toward learning management of essential life skills for students in the modern world in primary schools, and (3) examine the results of implementing the change-driven model for developing teachers toward learning management of essential life skills for students in the modern world in primary schools. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) design. The population consisted of 1,690 participants, including school administrators, heads of academic affairs, and heads of learning areas, with a stratified random sample of 310 participants. Thirteen key informants were purposively selected for the focus group discussion, and the target group included ten teachers from Wat Kaitee Community School, also selected purposively. The research instruments comprised a questionnaire on the current situation (reliability = 0.99), a questionnaire on the desired situation (reliability = 0.97), a focus group discussion record, a teacher competency assessment form for lesson plan design, a questionnaire on propriety and utility, and a satisfaction questionnaire. The data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, modified priority needs index (PNI_modified), and qualitative content analysis.

The research findings revealed that the needs assessment for developing a change-driven model to enhance teachers’ learning management of essential life skills for students in the modern world in primary schools indicated that the current condition was at a moderate level, while the desired condition was at the highest level. The most critical need identified was self-management skills. The developed model consisted of six components: (1) principles, (2) objectives, (3) development processes, (4) supporting factors, (5) success conditions, and (6) measurement and evaluation. The model was evaluated as being of high propriety and feasibility. The results of the model implementation showed that, overall, teachers demonstrated the highest level of knowledge and ability in designing learning management plans. The model was rated of high propriety and utility, achieved the highest level of satisfaction among participants.

A Model for Managing Local Wisdom on Traditional Herbs in Thai-Karen Cultural Center Area, Ban Hinsi, Yang Hak Subdistrict, Pak Tho District, Ratchaburi Province

Unchalee Rattana, Darngnapasorn Na Pombejra — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aimed to (1) collect local wisdom related to traditional herbs in Thai-Karen Cultural Center area, Ban Hinsi, Yang Hak Subdistrict, Pak Tho District, Ratchaburi Province, and (2) explore the management model of local wisdom on traditional herbs through community participation. This qualitative research applied the five-step knowledge management framework of Bodin Wijarn, adapted to fit the community context. The target group, consisting of ten key informants selected purposively, was divided into three groups: (1) users of traditional herbal knowledge, (2) members of Thai-Karen Cultural Center Committee, and (3) personnel from the Yang Hak Subdistrict Administrative Organization. The data collected through interviews and small group discussions were analyzed using content analysis and presented in a descriptive format.

The research findings revealed that local wisdom on traditional herbs is tacit knowledge embedded within individuals. The management of this local herbal wisdom currently exists under community participation; however, it still lacks a systematic knowledge management process. Therefore, a community-based management model should be developed to ensure continuous and cyclical participation through five key steps: knowledge acquisition, knowledge storage, knowledge sharing, knowledge transfer, and knowledge application.

Copying and Resilience of Teenage Mothers under the Dynamics of Community Capital

Oomjai Polgaya, Sunti Srisuantang, Prasong Tanpichai — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aimed to (1) investigate the coping and resilience phenomena of teenage mothers in Ban Pong District, Ratchaburi Province, (2) analyze the role of community capital in supporting the coping and resilience of teenage mothers in Ban Pong District, Ratchaburi Province, and (3) develop approaches to enhance the coping and resilience of teenage mothers under the dynamics of community capital in Ban Pong District, Ratchaburi Province. A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining qualitative research and action research. Data were collected from 30 teenage mothers selected purposively through document analysis, in-depth interviews, and observation. The collected data were analyzed using content analysis. For the development of approaches to support teenage mothers under community capital dynamics, 20 participants were involved, including teenage mothers, their families, and representatives from relevant organizations such as community leaders, schools, public health units, and local authorities in Ban Pong District, Ratchaburi Province. Participation was voluntary and consisted of three stages: (1) planning, (2) implementing activities and observing outcomes, and (3) reflecting on the activities. Data were collected through focus group discussions, observation, and satisfaction assessment. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.The research findings revealed that the process of becoming a teenage mother in Ban Pong District, Ratchaburi Province, consisted of three stages: (1) before becoming a teenage mother, (2) being a teenage mother, and (3) after becoming a teenage mother. The coping strategies of teenage mothers were categorized into three types: confronting, escaping, and accepting the situation, while their resilience was classified into three groups: those with adaptive skills, those with a positive attitude, and those with interpersonal and problem-solving skills. Community capital influencing the coping and resilience of teenage mothers comprised three types: human capital, institutional capital, and knowledge and cultural capital. The approach to supporting coping and resilience under the dynamics of community capital in Ban Pong District consisted of three steps: (1) building relationships and trust with teenage mothers, (2) promoting mental and physical health through community capital to nurture and empower them, and (3) fostering positive perspectives and attitudes toward teenage motherhood to enhance quality of life. The integrated mobilization of the three forms of community capital enabled teenage mothers to engage in holistic problem-solving through community resources, supporting them to continue their pregnancies and achieve a good quality of life.

A Model of Learning Management to Promote Critical Problem-Solving Competence among Grade 7 Students

Thida Wisaprom, Theerawut Akakul, Jumlong Vongprasert — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purposes of this study were: 1. to synthesize the instructional procedures for developing critical problem-solving ability of Grade 7 students, 2. to develop an instructional model to enhance critical problem-solving ability of Grade 7 students, 3. to examine the effects of implementing the developed instructional model, and 4. to investigate students’ satisfaction with the instructional model. The participants were 52 Grade 7 students, selected by cluster random sampling. The research instruments included an instructional model manual, lesson plans, a critical problem-solving ability test, and a satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, t-test, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

The research findings were as follows: 1) The synthesized instructional process consisted of five stages: (1) motivation and problem situation setting, (2) exploration and explanation, (3) decision-making and practice, (4) presentation and discussion, and 5) conclusion and application; 2) The instructional model comprised four key components: (1) principles, concepts, and theories, (2) objectives, (3) instructional procedures, and (4) assessment and evaluation. The quality of the model, its manual, lesson plans, and satisfaction questionnaire, as assessed by experts, was rated at the highest level of propriety. The reliability coefficient of the critical problem-solving test was 0.71; 3) The effectiveness index of the instructional model was 0.4726 (47.26 percent). The posttest scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than the pretest scores at the .05 level. Moreover, the posttest scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group, as analyzed by ANCOVA at the .05 level; and 4) Students’ satisfaction with learning through the developed model was rated at the highest level.

The Development of an Instructional Model Based on Socio-Cultural Learning Theory and Brain-Based Learning Approach to Enhance Social and Emotional Competence of Pre-Service Kindergarten Teachers

Kanyakorn Pakdee, Chatchai Muangpathom, Phornchulee Lungka — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aimed to (1) develop an instructional model based on socio-cultural learning theory and a brain-based learning approach to enhance the social and emotional competence of pre-service kindergarten teachers, and (2) examine the effects of using the developed instructional model on students’ social and emotional competence before and after instruction. The research was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 comprised three steps: Step 1 refers to studying the foundational information, with a target group of five instructors selected purposively, using a semi-structured interview as the research instrument; Step 2 refers to developing the instructional model, using the socio-cultural learning theory and brain-based learning approach as the core framework; and Step 3 refers to evaluating the instructional model, with a target group of five experts and using an evaluation form to assess the quality of the developed model. Phase 2 comprised two steps: Step 1 refers to comparing the social and emotional competence of second-year pre-service kindergarten students in the first semester of the 2025 academic year, with a sample of 30 students from one class selected by cluster sampling. The instrument used was a social and emotional competence assessment administered according to a Time Series Design, with a reliability of 0.98. Step 2 refers to evaluating students’ satisfaction with the instructional model, using a satisfaction questionnaire with a reliability of 0.94. Data were analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA, mean, and standard deviation.

The research findings revealed that: 1. The instructional model based on socio-cultural learning theory and a brain-based learning approach to enhance the social and emotional competence of pre-service kindergarten teachers was rated of high propriety. 2. Repeated measures testing across four time points showed statistically significant differences at the .05 level, indicating that students’ social and emotional competence improved significantly after participating in the instructional activities. Students’ overall satisfaction with the instructional model was rated at a high level.

A Feasibility Study on the Market Potential of “Manee Hom Balm” by Buan Tek Siang Tung

Wisuttinee Taneerat, Narongrit Parisutkul — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to (1) study the level of public opinion regarding the market potential of "Manee Hom" balm by Buan Tek Siang Tung, and (2) to compare the level of public opinion on its market potential based on personal demographic factors. The research employed a quantitative methodology and was conducted in Trang Province. The sample consisted of 400 general residents selected through simple random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire, and data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and one-way ANOVA.

The findings revealed that: (1) the overall level of public opinion on the market potential of "Manee Hom" balm was at the highest level ( = 4.56, S.D. = 0.55); and (2) when comparing opinions across demographic variables, it was found that gender, age, education level, place of residence, and different levels of experience visiting Chinese shrines did not lead to statistically significant differences in public opinion of the product’s market potential. However, statistically significant differences at the 0.01 and 0.05 level were observed among respondents with presence of chronic illness and using balm products.

An Evaluation of Agricultural Tourism Potential in Mueang District, Uthai Thani Province

Ajcharawan Sujkird — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to 1) study the potential of agrotourism attractions in Mueang District, Uthai Thani Province, 2) assess the readiness of agrotourism management, and 3) conduct a SWOT analysis of agrotourism activities. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating both quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative data were collected from 400 tourists through questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews.

The findings revealed the following: 1) Potential of agrotourism attractions - Most tourists were female, aged between 51-60 years, and had never participated in agrotourism before. The primary purpose of travel was for tourism and family relaxation. The aspect with the highest potential was tourist attractions, followed by accommodation, while the least potential was found in on-site activities. 2) Readiness of agrotourism management - Tourists valued the uniqueness of the attractions, particularly local wisdom, lifestyle, culture, and the peaceful environment. Additionally, they expected adequate facilities, quality accommodations, and creative tourism activities. 3) SWOT Analysis of agrotourism activities - Strengths included the uniqueness of local culture and strong community participation. Weaknesses involved the lack of branding development and discontinuity due to changes in local administration. Opportunities stemmed from government support and convenient transportation, whereas threats included economic conditions and unfavorable weather.

Development of Creative Thinking and Learning Achievement of Grade 5 Students on the Unit of Forces in Daily Life Using Problem-Based Learning Integrated with Mind Mapping

Chailuk Chuansang, Hassakorn Wattanasarn, Arunrat Khamhaengpol — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purposes of this research were to: 1) construct lesson plans based on problem-based learning integrated with mind mapping on the unit of Forces in Daily Life for grade 5 students with the criteria efficiency of 80/80, 2) compare the students’ creative thinking before and after intervention, 3) compare the students’ learning achievement before and after the intervention, and 4) examine the students’ satisfaction toward the constructed lesson plans. This study using experimental research design. The population consisted of 84 students in grade 5 from five classrooms in five schools under that Choeng Chum Network, Sakon Nakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office 1, during the second semester of the academic year 2024. The sample group, selected by cluster random sampling, included 13 students in grade 5 from That Na Weng Witthaya School. The research instruments included: 1) lesson plans, 2) test, 3) a learning achievement test, and 4) a satisfaction questionnaire. The statistics used for data analysis consisted of percentage, mean, standard deviation, and t-test for Dependent Samples.

The research findings were as follows: 1) The lesson plans on the unit of forces in daily life using problem-based learning integrated with mind mapping for grade 5 students had an efficiency of 83.78/84.67, which was higher than the criteria set of 80/80. 2) The students’ creative thinking after the intervention was significantly higher than that of before at the .01 level. 3) The students’ learning achievement after the intervention was significantly higher than that of before at the .01 level. and 4) The students’ satisfaction toward the learning plans was at the high level.

The Development of a Participatory Management Model for the Student Support System to Enhance Student Quality at Wat Khian School under the Office of Sisaket Primary Educational Service Area 3

Jamroon Malipan — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aimed to (1) examine the needs for developing a student support system. The target group for assessing current and desired conditions comprised 39 school administrators, teachers, and network partners, selected purposively. Data were collected using a questionnaire on current conditions (content validity = 0.80-1.00, reliability = 0.93) and a questionnaire on desired conditions (content validity = 0.80-1.00, reliability = 0.91). (2) To develop the model, nine experts were purposively selected as key informants, and expert seminar guidelines along with a feasibility questionnaire were employed. (3) For the pilot implementation, the model was applied to 39 school administrators, teachers, network partners, and 180 students at Wat Khian School, who were selected purposively. Instruments included performance evaluation forms based on the developed model and student quality assessment forms. (4) For model evaluation, the same 39 school administrators, teachers, and network partners were surveyed using questionnaires assessing the model’s propriety, utility, and satisfaction. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and the priority needs index.

The research findings revealed that the highest-priority need for participation in the management of the student support system was in the area of student referral. The developed model comprised six components: (1) principles, (2) objectives, (3) mechanisms, (4) implementation, (5) evaluation, and (6) success conditions. The model was rated of high feasibility. Overall performance following the implementation of the model was rated at the highest level, and students’ quality assessment scores after the model’s application were higher than those before implementation. The model was evaluated of high propriety and utility, with overall satisfaction rated at the highest level.

A Comparative Study of Loan Contract Law in Thailand, France, and China

Pannisa Ongprachayalul — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to: (1) examine the current conditions and legal issues concerning loan contracts in Thailand; (2) study the loan contract laws of France and China; (3) compare the loan contract laws among Thailand, France, and China; and (4) propose recommendations for improving Thailand’s loan contract law. The research is qualitative in nature, utilizing document research and in-depth interviews with five legal experts. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis.

The findings revealed that: (1) Under Section 653 of the Thai Civil and Commercial Code, current Thai law does not recognize electronic media, such as digital documents or electronically signed agreements, as valid written evidence in civil lawsuits involving loan contract disputes. Consequently, courts rely on Section 4 and apply analogical reasoning, often referring to the Electronic Transactions Act B.E. 2544 (2001) to fill this legal gap; (2) Loan contract laws in France and China demonstrate that French Civil Code Section 1892 and Chinese Civil Code Sections 667 and 668 directly address the evolving nature of communication, explicitly supporting electronic and online loan agreements. These provisions eliminate the need to rely on analogous statutes for interpretation; (3) "A comparison of loan contract laws reveals that Section 653 of the Thai Civil and Commercial Code reflects a rigid, textual approach within the Thai judiciary. In contrast, France and China, through their respective provisions, Section 1892 in France and Section 668 in China, emphasize the principles of honesty, fairness, and equality between parties. These legal systems adopt more flexible interpretations, permitting a wider range of evidence, including electronic records and testimonial evidence; and (4) Recommendations for reforming Thai loan contract law include urging the Thai judiciary and legal system to reconsider the strict interpretation of Section 653 and to adopt principles from French and Chinese civil law, allowing for broader forms of evidence, such as electronic records and witness testimony. It is also recommended that Section 653, paragraph one, be amended as follows: “Section 653: A loan of money must be evidenced in writing and signed by the borrower, or by any other evidence indicating that the parties agreed to the loan.” Such an amendment would align Thai loan contract law with the digital age and contemporary societal changes.

Integration of Collaboration between Government Agencies and Entertainment Business Operators in Bangkok

Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aimed to (1) analyze the integration of collaboration between government agencies and entertainment business operators in Bangkok, (2) examine the problems and obstacles in such collaboration, and (3) propose guidelines for enhancing collaboration between government agencies and entertainment business operators in Bangkok. The study employed a qualitative research design. Key informants included 12 government administrators and officials, 8 business operators, 2 academics, and 2 representatives from civil society, selected purposively. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using descriptive content analysis.

The research findings revealed that the integration of collaboration between government agencies and entertainment business operators in Bangkok showed that the government has made efforts to promote the economy while controlling social impacts through policy formulation and law enforcement. However, participation from various stakeholders remained limited, with attitudes toward the collaboration divided between support and opposition. Social control mechanisms still need to be developed for effectiveness and to gain trust from all parties. The problems and obstacles identified included the complexity of bureaucratic systems, resource constraints, policy uncertainty, and conflicts over zoning. The proposed guidelines include improving laws to align with current conditions, enforcing laws fairly, reviewing tax policies, using technology for monitoring and control, and establishing a clear framework for collaboration between government agencies and business operators.

The Implementation of Information Technology in the Digital Era to Enhance the Capabilities of the State Railway of Thailand

Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aimed to (1) analyze the implementation of digital-era information technology to enhance the capabilities of the State Railway of Thailand, (2) examine the problems and obstacles in applying digital-era information technology to strengthen the organization’s capabilities and (3) propose recommendations for effectively implementing digital-era information technology to improve the State Railway of Thailand’s performance. The study employed a qualitative research design. Key informants included 5 executives, 12 staff members of the State Railway of Thailand and 5 academics and experts, for a total of 22 participants, selected purposively. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed through descriptive content analysis.

The research findings revealed that in implementing digital-era information technology to enhance the capabilities of the State Railway of Thailand (SRT), the organization has established a five-year digital action plan (2023-2030) focusing on changes in process, people and technology. While SRT has made progress in updating its technological infrastructure, work processes, organizational culture and continuous personnel development, several areas particularly new innovations, remain underdeveloped compared with international standards. Implementation has been gradual, highlighting the need to prioritize projects and manage risks and conflicts of interest in partnerships. The problems and obstacles identified include limited budgets, outdated systems, insufficient staff digital skills, data management and cybersecurity challenges and inflexible regulations. Recommendations for enhancing the use of digital-era information technology include developing staff digital skills, fostering a learning culture, modernizing technological infrastructure, integrating systems for interoperability, strengthening data security measures and building collaboration with government agencies, private sectors and academic institutions to advance technology and innovation.

Fire Prevention Model in Buddhist Temples: A Case Study of Temples in the Bang Khun Non Area, Bangkok

Manus Rumruay — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to: (1) examine the context, challenges, needs, and contemporary approaches to fire prevention in temples in the Bang Khun Non area of Bangkok; (2) explore Buddhist peaceful means conducive to fire prevention in these temples; and (3) develop and propose fire prevention model for temples in the Bang Khun Non area based on Buddhist peaceful means. The study employed a Participatory Action Research (PAR) methodology within the framework of the Noble Truths Model, using various research tools, including in-depth interviews, participant observation, and focus group discussions.

The findings revealed that: (1) Most temples have outdated infrastructure, deteriorating electrical systems, insufficient fire prevention equipment, and limited knowledge of risk management. Monks and temple staff demonstrate low awareness, and cooperation with the community and government remains weak, resulting in ineffective disaster management; (2) Buddhist peaceful means conducive to fire prevention involve applying the Four Noble Truths as follows: Dukkha (Suffering), referring to damage and insecurity caused by fire incidents; Samudaya (Cause of Suffering), referring to negligence, lack of knowledge, and inadequate management systems; Nirodha (Cessation of Suffering), referring to the potential to eliminate suffering through awareness, attitude change, and systematic cooperation; and Magga (Path to the Cessation of Suffering), referring to guidelines for addressing suffering, which are developed into the 3M Model; and (3) the fire prevention model based on Buddhist peaceful means applies the 3M Model, namely: Mindfulness, which refers to raising awareness through training, fire drills, and Dhamma media; Mindset, which refers to shifting beliefs from viewing disasters as predetermined karma to understanding that they can be prevented through awareness and adaptability; and Management, which refers to developing temple safety plans, clearly defining the roles of monks, communities, and government agencies, installing basic fire safety equipment, and establishing the “Bowon” network (temple-community-school) to jointly implement sustainable risk management in temples.

Factors Influencing 21st Century Teacher Competencies: A Case Study of Schools under Pathum Thani Secondary Education Service Area Office, Pathum Benja Multi-School Network

Benjarat Ratchawang — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research had three objectives: 1) to investigate 21^st century teacher competencies, 2) to explore academic leadership, student-centered learning management, and a learning organization culture, and 3) to examine the factors influencing 21^st century teacher competencies. This study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative research designs. The sample consisted of 238 teachers from five schools under Pathum Thani Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Pathum Benja Inter-school Cluster. The sample size was determined using Krejcie & Morgan (1997) table and selected through stratified random sampling combined with simple random sampling. The research instrument was a 5-point Likert rating scale questionnaire, with content validity ranging from 0.67 to 1.00 and a reliability coefficient of .987. Data analysis utilized descriptive statistics, including percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Inferential statistics involved structural equation modeling (SEM) via latent variable path analysis to test the proposed causal relationships.

The study found as follows: 1) Overall, 21^st century teacher competencies were rated at a high level. The dimension with the highest average was initiative and individuality, followed by flexibility and adaptability. The dimension with the lowest average was innovative thinking, though it still remained at a high level. 2) Academic leadership, learner-centered teaching management, and being a learning organization were all rated at a high level overall. The dimension with the highest average was learner-centered teaching management, followed by academic leadership. The dimension with the lowest average was being a learning organization, although it still remained at a high level. 3) Academic leadership has a direct positive effect on learner-centered teaching management and on being a learning organization, but it does not have a direct effect on teacher competencies. Learner-centered teaching management has a direct positive effect on teacher competencies, and being a learning organization also has a direct positive effect on teacher competencies. Academic leadership has an indirect positive effect on teacher competencies through learner-centered teaching management and being a learning organization. The pattern of factors influencing 21^st century teacher competencies is consistent with the empirical data.

A Model for Strengthening Communities to Enhance the Quality of Life of Vulnerable Families in Thatalat Subdistrict, Sampran District, Nakhon Pathom Province

Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aimed to (1) examine the quality of life of vulnerable families in Thatalat Subdistrict, Sampran District, Nakhon Pathom Province, (2) design an integrated social empowerment model for vulnerable families, and (3) enhance the quality of life of vulnerable families through the application of appropriate social welfare interventions. The study employed a participatory action research (PAR) approach, engaging key informants and participants who were directly involved and had a stake in the care of vulnerable families in Thatalat Subdistrict. Twenty participants were purposively selected. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and family baseline records. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis and the findings were presented through narrative storytelling.

The research findings revealed that vulnerable families faced overlapping challenges across economic, social, health, and intra-family relationship dimensions, particularly among the elderly and impoverished children who were unable to access their rights and welfare due to limitations in documentation, knowledge, and technology. Bureaucratic systems remain insufficiently responsive to local contexts, despite the presence of strong social capital and volunteer spirit within the community. The integrated social empowerment model should focus simultaneously on economic development, education, mental health, and community networking, emphasizing participation and trust in public service systems. Enhancing quality of life requires structural changes facilitated through community engagement, utilizing individualized data and collective learning, such as discussion forums and interactive feedback sessions. Moreover, developing caregivers for dependent individuals serves as a key mechanism for building human capital to sustainably support an aging society.

A Management Model to Promote Systematic Thinking Skills of Students in Basic Schools

Phakamat Jindamung, Jitima Wannasri — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The study aimed to develop a management model to promote students’ systematic thinking skills in basic education institutions. The study was conducted in three phases. Phase 1 involved examining the components and approaches to management for promoting students’ systematic thinking skills through a review of relevant literature and research, including case studies of three schools with best practices and interviews with five experts. The instruments for data collection were recording forms and interview guides. Phase 2 focused on developing and validating the appropriateness of the model, with nine experts serving as informants and using a model validation checklist as the instrument. Phase 3 evaluated the feasibility and usefulness of the model, with 50 school administrators and 50 heads of academic administration units (totaling 100 participants) providing data through a structured evaluation form. Data were analyzed using mean scores and standard deviations.

The research findings indicated that the management model for promoting students’ systematic thinking skills in basic schools consists of five components: (1) the principles of the model; (2) the objectives of the model; (3) the management process, which includes (3.1) management factors, (3.2) the learning process to promote systematic thinking skills, and (3.3) the effectiveness of management; (4) model evaluation; and (5) conditions for the model’s success. The developed management model was found to be highly feasibility and utility.

Components and Approaches for Outcome-Oriented Educational Supervision Management in District Education Offices under the Office of Basic Education Commission

Patcharida Lamnaknet, Sopa Umnuayrat, Santi Buranachart — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aimed to (1) examine the components of outcome-oriented educational supervision management in District Education Offices, and (2) investigate approaches to managing outcome-oriented educational supervision in District Education Offices. A mixed-methods research design was employed, consisting of two phases. Phase 1 focused on studying the components of outcome-oriented educational supervision management. The population included deputy directors of District Education Offices, directors of the Supervision, Monitoring, and Educational Evaluation Groups, and educational supervisors from 245 offices. Using the Krejcie and Morgan table, a sample of 152 offices was selected, with four key informants per office: one deputy director, one group director, and two educational supervisors, totaling 608 respondents. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed through mean, standard deviation, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Phase 2 focused on studying approaches to outcome-oriented educational supervision management, using semi-structured interviews with seven experts. The data were analyzed through content analysis.

The research results were found as follows: 1. The components of the outcome-oriented educational supervision management process in District Education Offices comprised five elements: (1) assessment of the current situation, (2) strategy formulation, (3) strategy implementation, (4) progress monitoring, and (5) success evaluation. These components were consistent and aligned with the empirical data collected from the questionnaires, as evidenced by the following fit indices: Chi-square = 570.634, degrees of freedom = 130, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.97, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.95, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.077, and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) = 0.050. 2. The approach to outcome-oriented educational supervision management in District Education Offices consists of five components: (1) principles, (2) objectives, (3) inputs, (4) the process of outcome-oriented educational supervision management, and (5) outputs and outcomes.

The Development of Analytical Reading Competency in the Principles of Thai Reading and Writing Course through Inquiry-Based Learning

Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed 1) to develop analytical reading ability in the course Principles of Thai Reading and Writing for students of the Bachelor of Education Program in Thai Language Teaching at Mahamakut Buddhist University, Isan Campus, by employing the Inquiry-Based Learning model, with a target criterion of an average post-test score of 80 percent and at least 80 percent of students meeting the passing standard and 2) to compare students’ analytical reading ability in the Principles of Thai Reading and Writing course before and after instruction using the Inquiry-Based Learning model. The research was conducted using an experimental design specifically a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The sample consisted of 30 third-year students in the Bachelor of Education Program in Thai Language Teaching Mahamakut Buddhist University, Isan Campus, during the first semester of the 2023 academic year. The sample was selected through simple random sampling using classrooms as the sampling unit. The research instruments included lesson plans based on the Inquiry-Based Learning model and an analytical reading ability test. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation percentage and t-test for dependent samples.

The results revealed that: 1. The analytical reading ability in the course Principles of Thai Reading and Writing after instruction had an average score equivalent to 87.33 percent with 86.67 percent of the students meeting the passing criterion. 2. students’ analytical reading ability after instruction was significantly higher than before instruction at the .05 level.

Responsive Social Welfare Provision for Vulnerable Groups in the Post-COVID-19 Era

Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to study and develop appropriate social welfare models for vulnerable groups in the post-COVID-19 era with three specific objectives: 1) to examine current social welfare models, 2) to develop models aligned with needs, and 3) to propose a responsive framework. Using mixed-methods research, data were collected from purposively selected samples of 16 welfare providers and 40 vulnerable service users from four local administrative organizations in Phutthamonthon District, Nakhon Pathom Province. Research instruments included semi-structured interviews and five-point rating scale questionnaires. The instruments were validated by experts, and the questionnaire achieved a reliability coefficient (Cronbach's Alpha) of 0.87. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data underwent content analysis. Findings revealed that: 1) current welfare models focus on basic services but show limitations in income generation, recreation, and education; 2) appropriate models should integrate agencies, enhance community participation, and apply technology in management; and 3) the proposed framework emphasizes holistic service delivery, covering vocational skills development, proactive healthcare, and community strengthening initiatives.

Development of a Cultural Capital Model to Promote Community Economy in Mukdahan Province

Punika Hong-udon, Nisanart Sopapol, Chuthamas Chompha — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) design that comprised three main objectives: 1) to examine the general conditions of community cultural capital, using a stratified random sample of 390 community members with questionnaires as the main instrument, while 15 community cultural leaders, purposively selected, were interviewed to identify problems and needs; 2) to develop the cultural model through data obtained from 21 experts, purposively selected, using focus group discussions, as well as trial implementation with 30 target participants, also purposively selected, using a knowledge test and a satisfaction questionnaire; 3) to evaluate the model with 17 specialists, selected using purposive random sampling. The research instruments included questionnaires, interviews, and tests. Data analysis was conducted using percentages, means, standard deviations, and content analysis. The research findings revealed that 1) Community cultural capital can be categorized into two types, tangible and intangible cultural capital, which can be transformed into economic capital, 2) The development of the model consisted of four components: 2.1) Principles, which emphasized developing cultural capital through community participation in conservation, dissemination, intergenerational learning, creativity, and knowledge creation to support sustainable development within the provincial context through PICK Mukdahan; 2.2) Objectives, which focused on gathering knowledge, enhancing community capacity, developing products and services, and conducting monitoring and evaluation for continuous development; 2.3) Implementation, which involved collecting knowledge, building community capacity to transfer cultural heritage to younger generations, developing products and services from cultural capital, promoting support from all sectors, and conducting joint evaluations with the community; and 2.4) Conditions for success, including internal factors such as confidence, faith, pride, having local sages or cultural groups as role models, systematic knowledge transmission, community participation, and the creation of products and services derived from cultural capital, as well as access to institutional resources. External factors included provincial development plans, cultural capital databases, community capacity-building initiatives, product and service distribution networks, and cultural capital promotion, and 3) The evaluation results indicated that the model was of propriety, utility, and feasibility at a high level.

Sustainable Development of the Grassroots Urban Economy Through Buddhist Peaceful Means: A Case Study of Wat Sarod Community, Bangkok

Yanisakorn Sakulsupananee, Phrakru Sanghakitdilok — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study was conducted using the Ariyasacca Model, in alignment with Participatory Action Research (PAR), following a nine-step research process. The aims were to achieve the following objectives: 1) to explore and analyze the context, problems, and basic economic conditions of Wat Sarod community, alongside modern development theories; 2) to investigate the sustainable development of grassroots urban economy in Wat Sarod community, Bangkok, through the application of Buddhist peaceful means; and 3) to present the results of the outcomes of sustainable development of grassroots urban economy in Wat Sarod community, Bangkok, through the application of Buddhist peaceful means. The study employed various data collection tools, including in-depth interviews, academic seminars, focus group discussions, as well as both participant and non-participant observation. The primary data sources included 16 key informants: 6 monks actively engaged in community development at Wat Sarod and 10 local residents. Data were gathered through purposive in-depth interviews and analyzed using descriptive methods.

From the study, the following results were found: 1) Wat Sarod functions as both a spiritual anchor and a hub for community cohesion, fostering local unity by providing a space where residents can conduct business and earn a livelihood. It also encourages the growth of existing enterprises, addressing issues related to limited household income. Drawing on the community’s strong devotion to the revered monk, Luang Pho Rod, the temple initiated the “Suea Rod Market” as a practical economic outlet. This initiative has helped generate employment, boost local income, revitalize the grassroots economy, and welcoming participants from all sectors of the community. 2) A range of approaches, including participatory engagement, public-mindedness, the sharing economy, communities of practice, and strategies aimed at strengthening the grassroots economy through knowledge dissemination, capacity building, and income generation, were integrated with the “Vuḍḍhi Sutta” principle, a Buddhist framework rooted in peaceful development. This framework encompasses three core elements: Saddhā-vuddhi, which emphasizes cultivating faith as a foundation for community well-being and nurturing constructive social relationships; Sīla-vuddhi, which highlights the importance of moral discipline and adherence to social norms to foster unity and reconciliation; and Paññā-vuddhi, which promotes the use of wisdom and critical reflection to guide the community toward sustainable development. 3) The SUEROD Model was utilized to guide the development of Suea Rod Market, a downstream initiative designed to promote community collaboration, generate sustainable income, and cultivate lasting peace. This model is structured around six essential stages: “S” represents Search, involving the identification of fundamental needs and development priorities; “U” signifies Unique, focusing on recognizing and cultivating the community’s distinct qualities; “E” stands for Educate, referring to the provision of training and knowledge enhancement to support development efforts; “O” stands for Obvious, emphasizing the importance of clear, well-defined procedures and guidelines for community development; and “D” refers to Development, highlighting the importance of inclusive and sustainable growth practices.